Table 1.
Baseline demographics, biomarker levels and cognitive outcomes in PD and control subjects.
| Control | Total PD | High CSF Aβ1-42 | Low CSF Aβ1-42 | PDCU | PDCI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 182 | 396 | 274 | 122 | 311 | 85 |
| Age | 60.6 ± 11.5 | 61.7 ± 9.7 | 61.5 ± 9.7 | 62.1 ± 9.8 | 60.91 ± 9.7 | 64.5 ± 9.5* |
| Sex (M:F) | 115: 67 | 264: 132 | 181: 93 | 83: 39 | 204: 107 | 60:25:00 |
| Education years | 15.9 ± 2.9 | 15.5 ± 3.0 | 15.6 ± 2.9 | 15.5 ± 3.1 | 15.7 ± 3.0 | 15.1 ± 2.7 |
| Disease duration | n.a | 2.0 ± 2.0 | 2.0 ± 2.0 | 2.0 ± 2.1 | 2.0 ± 1.9 | 2.1 ± 2.4 |
| APOE ε4 + (n) | 45/166 | 98/360 | 52/198* | 46/64 | 80/282 | 18/78 |
| MDS-UPDRS III | n.a | 21.3 ± 9.0 | 21.3 ± 8.8 | 21.4 ± 9.4 | 20.7 ± 8.7 | 23.5 ± 9.6* |
| H&Y stage (I/II/III) | n.a | 169/225/2 | 119/154/1 | 50/71/1 | 136/174/1 | 33/51/1 |
| CSF Aβ1-42 | 1022.6 ± 502.1 | 916.0 ± 414.8* | 1094.7 ± 373.7* | 514.6 ± 109.1 | 913.5 ± 416.3 | 925.0 ± 412.0 |
| CSF α-syn | 1701.3 ± 770.7 | 1528.7 ± 678.7* | 1693.0 ± 686.9* | 1173.0 ± 503.5 | 1512.3 ± 646.7 | 1588.7 ± 786.5 |
| CSF t-tau | 192.9 ± 80.4 | 170.5 ± 57.9 | 181.1 ± 53.9 | 144.2 ± 59.2 | 169.8 ± 56.5 | 173.0 ± 63.3 |
| CSF p-tau | 17.6 ± 8.5 | 15.0 ± 5.4* | 15.5 ± 5.0* | 13.3 ± 6.0 | 14.8 ± 5.2 | 15.6 ± 6.1 |
| Serum NfL | 12.4 ± 9.9 | 13.7 ± 11.8 | 13.7 ± 13.0 | 13.6 ± 8.7 | 13.5 ± 12.9 | 14.3 ± 6.3 |
| MoCA | 28.2 ± 1.1 | 27.1 ± 2.3* | 27.1 ± 2.3 | 27.4 ± 2.2 | 28.1 ± 1.3 | 23.6 ± 1.7* |
| HVLT-DR | 48.8 ± 11.0 | 44.8 ± 11.1* | 44.9 ± 11.0 | 44.5 ± 11.4 | 46.2 ± 10.8 | 39.6 ± 10.7* |
| LNS | 10.9 ± 2.6 | 10.6 ± 2.6 | 10.5 ± 2.7 | 10.7 ± 2.4 | 10.8 ± 2.6 | 9.5 ± 2.4* |
Data are presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05 for total PD vs. controls, low CSF Aβ1-42 vs. high CSF Aβ1-42, PDCU vs. PDCI.
PDCU cognitively unimpaired PD; PDCI cognitively impaired PD patients; APOE apolipoprotein E; MDS-UPDRS III Movement Disorder Society sponsored Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III; H&Y stage Hoehn & Yahr stage; Aβ1-42 amyloid-β1-42; α-syn α-synuclein; t-tau total tau; p-tau = phosphorylated tau; NfL neurofilament light chain; MoCA total scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment; HVLT-DR delayed recall score in Hopkins Verbal Learning Test; LNS total scores of Letter-Number Sequencing test; n.a. not available.