Table 1.
Covariates at baseline and outcome during the follow-up among refugees and Swedish-born individuals registered in Sweden in 2009 (n=4 373 640)
| Refugees | Swedish-born individuals | |
| n (%) | n (%) | |
| Total number | 239 742 (100) | 4 133 898 (100) |
| Sociodemographic factors * | ||
| Sex | ||
| Men | 138 798 (57.9) | 2 116 306 (51.2) |
| Women | 100 944 (42.1) | 2 017 592 (48.8) |
| Age (years) | ||
| 16–24 | 35 112 (14.7) | 621 697 (15.0) |
| 25–34 | 57 668 (24.1) | 888 316 (21.5) |
| 35–44 | 62 365 (26.0) | 1 048 791 (25.4) |
| 45–54 | 64 437 (26.9) | 984 653 (23.8) |
| 55–64 | 20 160 (8.4) | 590 441 (14.3) |
| Educational level | ||
| Low (0–9 years) | 60 317 (25.2) | 494 445 (12.0) |
| Medium (10–12 years) | 98 302 (41.0) | 2 128 041 (51.5) |
| High (>12 years) | 70 858 (29.6) | 1 491 839 (36.1) |
| Missing information | 10 265 (4.3) | 19 573 (0.5) |
| Type of living area† | ||
| Big cities | 115 942 (48.4) | 1 475 443 (35.7) |
| Medium-sized cities | 87 056 (36.3) | 1 493 126 (36.1) |
| Small cities/villages | 36 744 (15.3) | 1 165 329 (28.2) |
| Family situation | ||
| Married/cohabiting without children living at home | 20 228 (8.4) | 440 134 (10.7) |
| Married/cohabiting with children living at home | 107 230 (44.7) | 1 573 743 (38.1) |
| Single‡ without children living at home | 84 040 (35.1) | 1 661 526 (40.2) |
| Single with children living at home | 21 050 (8.8) | 282 990 (6.9) |
| Children (=20 years old) living at home | 7192 (3.0) | 175 503 (4.3) |
| Missing information | <10 | <10 |
| Country of birth | ||
| Eritrea | 4517 (1.9) | – |
| Ethiopia | 4645 (1.9) | – |
| Somalia | 12 905 (5.4) | – |
| Other countries in Africa | 5933 (2.5) | – |
| Afghanistan | 4969 (2.1) | – |
| Iran | 27 355 (11.4) | – |
| Iraq | 49 156 (20.5) | – |
| Syria | 6539 (2.7) | – |
| Other countries in Asia | 27 871 (11.6) | – |
| Chile | 8058 (3.4) | – |
| Other countries in South America | 3567 (1.5) | – |
| Former Yugoslavia | 70 433 (29.4) | – |
| Other (including persons with missing information) | 13 794 (5.8) | – |
| Work-related factors § | ||
| Income from work¶ | ||
| Yes | 122 817 (51.2) | 3 313 944 (80.2) |
| No | 116 925 (48.8) | 819 954 (19.8) |
| Unemployment** | ||
| No unemployment | 176 380 (73.6) | 3 672 075 (88.8) |
| Unemployment 1–180 days | 40 515 (16.9) | 364 336 (8.8) |
| Unemployment >180 days | 22 847 (9.5) | 97 487 (2.4) |
| Health-related factors | ||
| Sickness absence** | ||
| No sickness absence | 225 348 (94.0) | 3 851 056 (93.2) |
| Sickness absence 1–90 days | 11 729 (4.9) | 239 157 (5.8) |
| Sickness absence >90 days | 2665 (1.1) | 43 685 (1.1) |
| Somatic disorders | ||
| Infectious and parasitic diseases | 17 225 (7.2) | 207 086 (5.0) |
| Neoplasm | 12 987 (5.4) | 257 732 (6.2) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 10 173 (4.2) | 97 274 (2.4) |
| Diseases of the circulatory system | 15 576 (6.5) | 232 827 (5.6) |
| Diseases of the respiratory system | 17 259 (7.2) | 242 170 (5.9) |
| Diseases of the digestive system | 26 308 (11.0) | 330 367 (8.0) |
| Diseases of the musculoskeletal system | 34 801 (14.5) | 518 724 (12.6) |
| Disorders of the nervous system | 11 810 (4.9) | 181 693 (4.4) |
| Other somatic disorders | 126 174 (52.6) | 1 969 345 (47.6) |
| Mental disorders | ||
| Anxiety disorder | 7715 (3.2) | 107 436 (2.6) |
| Bipolar disorder | 627 (0.3) | 20 809 (0.5) |
| Depression | 9807 (4.1) | 105 158 (2.5) |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder | 4902 (2.0) | 5090 (0.1) |
| Other stress-related disorders | 5381 (2.2) | 48 663 (1.2) |
| Other mental disorders | 8984 (3.8) | 163 686 (4.0) |
| Outcomes during the follow-up (2010–2013) | ||
| Disability pension | 3804 (1.75) | 29 820 (0.78) |
| Mortality | 1310 (0.55) | 30 041 (0.73) |
*All sociodemographic factors were measured on 31st of December in 2009.
†Big cities: Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmo; medium-sized cities: cities with more than 90 000 inhabitants within 30 km distance from the centre of the city; small cities/villages.
‡Single includes divorced, separated or widowed.
§All work-related factors were measured during year 2009.
¶Categorical variable (1) income from work over 100 SEK, (2) no income from work.
**Unemployment and sickness absence was measured during 2009.