Table 1.

The enriched microbes in the oral cavity, gut and tumours in murine models and human samples

Host	Study group	Enriched bacteria	Reference
Oral microbiota
Human	Prediagnostic samples, PDAC versus matched controls	Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans	Fan et al 20
Human	PDAC versus healthy controls	Neisseria elongate, Streptococcus mitis	Farrell et al 21
Gut microbiota
Human	PDAC versus healthy controls	Prevotella, Veillonella, Klebsiella, Selenomonas, Hallella, Enterobacter, Cronobacter	Ren et al 18
Human	PDAC versus healthy controls	Bacteroidetes, Veillonellaceae, Akkermansia, Odoribacter	Half et al 22
Human	PDAC versus healthy controls	Proteobacteria, Synergistetes, Euryarchaeota	Pushalkar et al 23
Mouse	PDAC spontaneous model	Actinobacteria, Deferribacteres, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum
Mouse	PDAC subcutaneous model	Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes	Sethi et al 48
Mouse	PDAC spontaneous model	Bacteroides, Alphaproteobacteria	Mendez et al 26
Tumour microbiota
Human	PDAC versus healthy controls	Gammaproteobacteria	Geller et al 37
Human	PDAC tumour versus gut	Proteobacteria (Pseudomonas, Elizabethkingia)	Pushalkar et al 23
Human	PDAC	Acinetobacter, Afipia, Corynebacterium, Escherichia, Propionibacterium	Thomas et al 27
Human	PDAC	Gammaproteobacteria, Bacilli, Actinobacteria	Riquelme et al 40
Human	PDAC long-term survivors versus short-term survivors	Pseudoxanthomonas, Streptomyces, Saccharopolyspora, Bacillus clausii
Cyst microbiota
Human	IPMN, MCN, SCA, pseudocysts	Bacteroides, Escherichia/Shigella, Fusobacterium, Acidaminococcus, Sphingomonas, Bifidobacterium	Li et al 35
Human	Cancerous versus non-cancerous PCNs	Fusobacterium nucleatum, Granulicatella adiacens	Gaiser et al 36

IPMN, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm; MCN, mucinous cystic neoplasm; PCN, pancreatic cystic neoplasias; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; SCA, serous cystadenoma.