Table 2.
Odds ratios for dementia, overall and stratified by sex a.
| Overall | Males | Females | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Trend (2015 vs. 2001) | 1.27 (1.10–1.47) | 0.001 | 1.33 (1.09–1.69) | 0.020 | 1.24 (1.03–1.49) | 0.020 |
| Sex, Female | 1.50 (1.32–1.72) | <0.001 | NA | NA | ||
| Age, y | ||||||
| 60–74 years | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | |||
| ≥75 years | 4.53 (3.97–5.17) | <0.001 | 4.72 (3.78–5.90) | <0.001 | 4.34 (3.68–5.13) | <0.001 |
| Education, y | ||||||
| 0 years | 1.93 (1.56–2.40) | <0.001 | 2.13 (1.49–3.05) | <0.001 | 1.81 (1.38–2.37) | <0.001 |
| 1–6 years | 1.36 (1.11–1.66) | 0.003 | 1.40 (1.00–1.95) | 0.05 | 1.32 (1.02–1.70) | 0.03 |
| ≥7 years | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | |||
| Residence | ||||||
| Urban | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | |||
| Rural | 1.04 (0.90–1.20) | 0.57 | 1.36 (1.09–1.71) | 0.006 | 0.87 (0.72–1.05) | 0.16 |
| Cardiovascular disease | ||||||
| Hypertension | 1.27 (1.00–1.61) | 0.05 | 0.74 (0.46–1.20) | 0.23 | 1.55 (1.17–2.05) | 0.002 |
| Diabetes | 1.60 (1.08–2.36) | 0.02 | 1.56 (0.82–2.98) | 0.17 | 1.68 (1.02–2.77) | 0.04 |
| Heart disease | 1.46 (0.94–2.27) | 0.09 | 1.46 (0.76–2.81) | 0.25 | 1.46 (0.79–2.68) | 0.22 |
| Stroke | 2.18 (1.52–3.13) | <0.001 | 3.80 (2.21–6.54) | <0.001 | 1.55 (0.95–2.51) | 0.08 |
| BMI | ||||||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 1.46 (1.06–2.01) | 0.02 | 1.68 (1.01–2.79) | 0.04 | 1.36 (0.90–2.07) | 0.14 |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | |||
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 0.72 (0.63–0.83) | <0.001 | 0.70 (0.55–0.88) | 0.002 | 0.73 (0.61–0.88) | 0.001 |
| Obese (≥30.0) | 0.63 (0.52–0.77) | <0.001 | 0.55 (0.38–0.82) | 0.003 | 0.66 (0.52–0.83) | 0.001 |
| CVD Treatment b | ||||||
| Hypertension | 0.83 (0.65–1.06) | 0.15 | 1.33 (0.81–2.19) | 0.25 | 0.71 (0.54–0.94) | 0.02 |
| Diabetes | 0.91 (0.60–1.36) | 0.65 | 1.10 (0.56–2.14) | 0.77 | 0.80 (0.48–1.34) | 0.41 |
| Heart disease | 0.99 (0.59–1.68) | 0.98 | 1.08 (0.51–2.32) | 0.82 | 0.93 (0.45–1.92) | 0.86 |
| Stroke | 3.24 (2.08–5.05) | <0.001 | 2.13 (1.11–4.09) | 0.022 | 4.04 (2.18–7.46) | <0.001 |
| Health care insurance c | 0.75 (0.63–0.89) | 0.001 | 0.94 (0.71–1.26) | 0.72 | 0.66 (0.54–0.82) | <0.001 |
Note. a Adjusted odds ratios were derived using logistic regression models with pooled data from 2001 (n = 6791) and 2015 (n = 10,215) for the overall sample; 2001 (n = 3155) and 2015 (n = 4494) for males; 2001 (n = 3636) and 2015 (n = 5271) for females. The dependent variable was dementia compared to normal cognition or CIND. b Cardiovascular treatment for those with each condition. c Health care insurance for those with insurance. Abbreviations: OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; BMI = Body Mass Index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; NA, not applicable.