Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Jun 22;11(3):94–114. doi: 10.3390/jox11030007

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Examples of reactions catalyzed by CYPs. (A) CYP-mediated bioactivation of thalidomide. (B) CYP-mediated hydroxylation of phenol. (C) CYP-mediated metabolism of caffeine, with multiple metabolites. (D) Bioactivation of benzo[a]pyrene mediated by CYP enzymes. (E) CYP-mediated metabolism of paracetamol and its potential toxicity. (F) CYP-mediated bioactivation of NNK. (G) Bioactivation of aflatoxin B₁ by CYP enzymes. AFB₁: Aflatoxin B₁. APAP: acetaminophen; B[a]P: benzo[a]pyrene; BPDE: benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide; DMX: dimethylxanthine; GST: glutathione S-transferases; NAPQI: N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine; NNAL: 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol; NNK: nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone; PST: phenol sulfotransferase; SULT: sulfotransferases; TMX: trimethylxanthine; UGT: UDP-glucuronosyltransferases.

Examples of reactions catalyzed by CYPs. (A) CYP-mediated bioactivation of thalidomide. (B) CYP-mediated hydroxylation of phenol. (C) CYP-mediated metabolism of caffeine, with multiple metabolites. (D) Bioactivation of benzo[a]pyrene mediated by CYP enzymes. (E) CYP-mediated metabolism of paracetamol and its potential toxicity. (F) CYP-mediated bioactivation of NNK. (G) Bioactivation of aflatoxin B₁ by CYP enzymes. AFB₁: Aflatoxin B₁. APAP: acetaminophen; B[a]P: benzo[a]pyrene; BPDE: benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide; DMX: dimethylxanthine; GST: glutathione S-transferases; NAPQI: N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine; NNAL: 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol; NNK: nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone; PST: phenol sulfotransferase; SULT: sulfotransferases; TMX: trimethylxanthine; UGT: UDP-glucuronosyltransferases.