Table 1.
Characteristics of the selected studies.
| Study | No. of Patients | Study Design | Country of Study (Main Nationalities of Participants) |
Study Period | Treatment, Comparison and Dose |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alarcón de Noya, et al., 2017 [23] |
122 (92 children & 30 adults) |
Cross-sectional | Venezuela (Venezuelan) |
Dec. 2007–Jan. 2010 | BNZ (6 mg/kg/day) in three doses for 60 days NFX (8 mg/kg/day) for 90 days |
| Albareda, et al., 2018 [24] |
87 (Children 5–16 yoa) |
Prospective cohort |
Argentina (Argentinian) |
60 months (Start and end date not stated) |
BNZ (5 mg/kg/day) for 60 days NFX (10 mg/kg/day) for 60 days |
| Antunes, et al., 2016 [25] |
244 (Adults ≥ 18 yoa) |
Cross-sectional | Brazil (Brazilian) |
2008–2010 | Had received BNZ (n = 46; 3 removed) n = 43 ‡NT (n = 198) |
| Cardoso, et al., 2018 [26] |
1813 (Adults ≥ 18 yoa) |
Cross-sectional (2013-2014 baseline) Cohort (2015–2016) † |
Brazil (Brazilian) |
2013–2014 to 2015–2016 (2-year follow-up) |
Had received BNZ (n = 493) NT (n = 1320) |
| Colantonio, et al., 2016 [27] |
111 (children 6–16 yoa) | Retrospective cohort | Argentina (Argentinian) |
Data used from 1991-1996 RCT (median 8.6 yr. follow-up) | BNZ (5 mg/kg/day) for 60 days Placebo for 60 days |
| Crespillo-Andújar, et al., 2019 [28] |
471 (adults ≥ 18 yoa) |
Prospective cohort | Spain Bolivian (97.5%), Paraguayan (1.5%), Salvadorian (0.5%), Honduran (0.5%) |
Jan 2014–Mar 2018 | Had received BNZ (5mg/kg/day) for 60 days (standard dosing scheme) BNZ (escalating dose scheme) |
| Fragata-Filho, et al., 2016 [29] |
310 (Adults ≥ 18 yoa) |
Retrospective cohort | Brazil (Brazilian) |
Pre-2002 to 2013 (Average follow-up 19.59 years) |
BNZ Treated (n = 263) 5 mg/kg/day for 60 days NT (n = 47) |
| Losada Galván, et al., 2019 [30] |
62 (adults ≥ 18 yoa) | Retrospective cohort | Spain (Bolivian (97%), Honduran (3%)) |
July 2008-January 2017 | BNZ—Full dose 5 mg/kg/day for 60 days BNZ—Escalating dose |
| Morillo, et al., 2015 [20] |
2854 (adults 18–75 yoa) | RCT | Multiple countries Brazilian (47.6%), Argentinian (19.6%), Colombian (17.6%), Bolivian (12.5%), Salvadorian (2.7%) |
2004–2011 | BNZ—5 mg/kg/day for 60 days was modified in Feb. 2009 to the administration of a fixed dose of 300 mg/day and a variable duration of therapy (between 40 and 80 days) Placebo |
| Morillo, et al., 2017 [21] |
120 (adults ≥18 to ≤ 50 yoa) | RCT | Argentina (77.5%), Chile (9.1%), Spain (8.3%), Colombia, (5%), Guatemala, (5%), Mexico (5%) |
27 July 2011–24 Dec. 2013 | (1) POS 400 mg b.i.d. (2) BNZ 200 mg + placebo b.i.d. (3) BNZ 200 mg b.i.d. + POS 400 mg b.i.d. (4) Placebo 10 mg b.i.d. |
| Schmidt, et al., 2019 [31] |
1508 (adults 18–75 yoa) | Prospective sub study |
Multiple Brazilian, (46.3%), Colombian, (22.3%), Argentinian, (19.2%), Bolivian (9.5%), Salvadorian (2,8%) |
2004–2011 | BNZ (5mg/kg/day) for 60 days or a modified regimen Placebo |
| Soverow, et al., 2019 [32] |
89 (adults 18–60 yoa) | Prospective cohort | USA (Latin American Immigrants; nationalities not specified) |
2008–2014 | Dependent upon drug availability BNZ—5 mg/kg/day for 60 days (n = 18) NFX—8–10 mg/kg/day in three daily doses for 12 weeks (n = 41) |
| Torrico, et al., 2018 [22] |
231 (adults ≥18 to ≤50 yoa) |
RCT | Bolivia (Bolivian) |
19 July 2011–13 June 2013 | (1) High-dose E1224 (2) Short-dose E1224 (3) Low-dose E1224 (4) BNZ (5) Placebo |
‡ Three participants terminated treatment early and were excluded; † The cross-sectional study had different outcomes of interest than the cohort study; b.i.d = twice daily; BNZ = Benznidazole, E1224 = water-soluble Ravuconazole prodrug; NFX = Nifurtimox, NT = no treatment, POS = Posaconazole, yoa: years of age.