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. 2021 Jul 16;9(3):51. doi: 10.3390/medsci9030051

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Signal transduction leading to apoptosis. Various cellular stress, e.g., matrix disruption, death receptor activation, transient vanilloid receptor (TRPV) opening, protein misfolding may initiate apoptotic pathways in keratinocytes. ECM extracellular matrix; BM basement membrane; dotted line indicating activation after integrin internalisation.