Table 2.

Summary of executive function tasks and intelligence tests analyzed in Study 2.

Study	Inhibition	Updating	Shifting	g
Benedek et al. (2014)	Stroop (Block 1): Subjects were required to respond to the color of presented words on a computer screen. In congruent trials, the color matched the word; in incongruent trials, the color and word did not match. 32 trials total.	Nonverbal 2-back task (Block 1): A computer-based task in which abstract figures are presented at a rate of 1.5 s. Subjects are to decide whether the current figure is identical to the one presented two stimuli ago. 33 items per block.	Number–Letter Task (Block 1): In this task, subjects are asked to engage in two tasks: determining whether numbers are odd or even and determining whether a letter is a consonant or vowel. 24 trials per block.	Numerical–inductive reasoning: An adaptive computerized Subjects are required to determine the rules the govern a series of numbers.
	Stroop (Block 2): Same as Block 1.	Non-verbal 2-back task (Block 2): Same as Block 1.	Number-Letter Task (Block 2): Same as Block 1.	Verbal-deductive reasoning: Subjects are required to complete syllogism tasks.
	Stroop (Block 3): Same as Block 1.	Non-verbal 2-back task (Block 3): Same as Block 1.	Number-Letter Task (Block 3): Same as Block 1.
Friedman et al. (2006) and Friedman et al. (2011)	Antisaccade: Subjects suppress a prepotent response to look at a cue and instead look in the opposite direction of the cue.	Keep-track: Subjects are presented with a set of 4 categories and a series of 15 words, and then asked to recall the last word presented.	Number–letter: Subjects switch between classifying numbers and letters.	Raven’s Test: Subjects are to select a tile piece from a set that completes a general complex pattern (used only in Friedman et al. 2006).
	Stop-Signal: Subjects are to build a prepotent word categorization response, and then asked to hold the response for trials with beeps.	Letter memory: Subjects are presented with a series of letters (lengths: five, seven, or nine letters) and recall the last 3 letters.	Color–shape: Subjects shift between classifying shapes and colors.	WAIS Block Design: Subjects are to recreate a block design using a given model (used only in Friedman et al. 2006).
	Stroop Task: Subjects are to respond to the color font of words and not the word itself.	Spatial 2-back: Subjects respond to darkened boxes and decided whether the current box is the same as the one presented two trials prior.	Category switch: Subjects shift between classifying the animacy and the size of words.	WAIS IQ: A composite general intelligence score calculated from 11 subtests.