Differentiation of hiPSCs into three germ layers. (A) Representative phase contrast images of EB formation (left) and differentiation into three germ layers by ICC with the ectoderm (PAX6), mesoderm (SMA), and endoderm (VIM) markers (indicated above images). Nuclei are counterstained with Ho342. (B) qPCR for mRNA expression of three germ layer genes. Quantification of expression of the ectoderm (PAX6, NCAM1), mesoderm (MIXL1), and endoderm (VIM) markers in hiPSCs compared to H9 ESC. mRNA expression in H9 was set as 1.0. The mean and SD are from technical triplicates from three independent experiments.