Table 3.

Intrapartum cesarean birth compared with pre-labor cesarean birth

Characteristic	RR	95% CI	P-Value
(A) Multivariable poisson model with robust error variance of characteristics associated with intrapartum cesarean birth compared to pre-labor cesarean birtha
Hospital delivery (ref: “other” delivery location)	1.6	1.2,2.1	0.001
Hypertensive disease (ref: no hypertensive disease)	0.7	0.6, 0.9	0.01
Dysfunctional labor (ref: no labor dysfunction)	1.6	1.4,1.9	< 0.001
Schooling (ref: no formal schooling, illiterate)	0.9	0.8,0.9	0.009
Increasing age (continuous variable)	0.99	0.98, 0.99	0.02
(B) Individual multivariable poisson models with robust error variance, adjusted for significant findings in Table 3a , to determine association of intrapartum cesarean birth (with reference to pre-labor cesarean birth) with outcomes significant in bivariate comparisonsb
Maternal outcomes
RR of postpartum infection	Model did not converge because no intrapartum cesarean births were followed by postpartum infection (see Table 2)
RR of needing magnesium sulfate	1.0	0.9,1.1	0.99

^a Bivariate comparisons of characteristics with p < 0.05 for intrapartum cesarean compared to vaginal birth after cesarean that were included in multivariable model (3A): delivery location, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, labor dysfunction, interpregnancy interval, body mass index, education, age

^b Bivariate comparisons of maternal and neonatal outcomes with p < 0.05 for intrapartum cesarean compared to vaginal birth after cesarean that were tested in multivariable model (3B): maternal outcomes: postpartum infection, magnesium; neonatal outcomes: neonatal outcomes did not differ by timing of cesarean birth