Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the participants
| Subject characteristics | MCIs | NDCs | p |
| N (female + male) | 28 (9 + 19) | 35 (16 + 19) | |
| Age, range / mean (SD) | 60–79 / 71.0 (5.7) | 61–80 / 69.6 (4.7) | 0.31 |
| Years of education, mean (SD) | 14.6 (2.0) | 14.5 (2.1) | 0.91 |
| MMSE, mean (SD) | 26.9 (2.1) | 28.9 (1.3) | < 0.01 |
| WMS-R Immediate, mean (SD) | 8.7 (3.9) | 12.2 (3.9) | < 0.01 |
| WMS-R Delayed, mean (SD) | 6.4 (4.9) | 10.1 (4.9) | < 0.01 |
| CDR, mean (SD) | 0.5 (0.4) | 0.0 (0.1) | < 0.01 |
| GDS, mean (SD) | 2.1 (1.7) | 1.9 (2.2) | 0.70 |
MCIs, mild cognitive impairment; NDCs, non-dementia controls; SD, standard deviation; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; WMS, Wechsler Memory Scale; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale.