Table 1.
Univariate Demographics of the Cohort (N = 518,689).
| Demographics | n | % |
|---|---|---|
| Age (end of study), y | ||
| 42–52 | 250,762 | 48.4 |
| 53–64 | 267,927 | 51.7 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| White, non-Hispanic | 129,258 | 24.9 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 90,913 | 17.5 |
| Hispanic | 108,356 | 20.9 |
| Other | 113,239 | 21.8 |
| Unknown | 76,923 | 14.8 |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 219,501 | 42.3 |
| Female | 299,188 | 57.7 |
| Region | ||
| Rest of state | 160,604 | 31.0 |
| New York City | 358,085 | 69.0 |
| Program | ||
| Fee-for-service | 16,986 | 3.3 |
| Managed care | 501,703 | 96.7 |
| Months enrolled prior to study | ||
| Mean | 62 | |
| Standard deviation | 28.2 | |
| Clinical Risk Group | ||
| 0 = Healthy nonuser | 27,419 | 5.3 |
| 1 = Healthy | 63,719 | 12.3 |
| 2 = Significant acute | 15,557 | 3.0 |
| 3 = Single minor chronic | 34,202 | 6.6 |
| 4 = Minor chronic in multiple organ systems | 17,281 | 3.3 |
| 5 = Single dominant or minor chronic | 108,778 | 21.0 |
| 6 = Chronic in multiple organ systems | 208,822 | 40.3 |
| 7 = Dominant chronic in 3+ organ systems | 17,566 | 3.4 |
| 8 = Dominant metastatic malignancies | 3,198 | 0.6 |
| 9 = Catastrophic conditions | 22,147 | 4.3 |
| Long-term care | ||
| No | 508,975 | 98.1 |
| Yes | 9,714 | 1.9 |
| Annual well visit | ||
| No | 255,595 | 49.3 |
| Yes | 263,094 | 50.7 |
| Serious mental illness | ||
| No | 361,111 | 69.6 |
| Yes | 157,578 | 30.4 |
| Substance use disorder | ||
| No | 440,714 | 85.0 |
| Yes | 77,975 | 15.0 |
| Cash assistance | ||
| No | 353,859 | 68.2 |
| Yes | 164,830 | 31.8 |
| Supplemental security income | ||
| No | 392,976 | 75.8 |
| Yes | 125,713 | 24.2 |
| Patient-centered medical home | ||
| No | 363,414 | 70.1 |
| Yes | 155,275 | 29.9 |
| Health Home | ||
| No | 499,091 | 96.2 |
| Yes | 19,598 | 3.8 |