Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics, Illness Severity, and Outcomes in Patients With and Without Anticoagulant Therapy.a
| Anticoagulant group, n = 863 | Control group, n = 565 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 72 (62-80) | 73 (64-82) | 0.013 |
| Sex, male | 482 (55.6%) | 316 (55.9%) | 0.901 |
| Illness severity | |||
| APACHE II score | 24 (18-29) | 23 (17-30) | 0.419 |
| SOFA score | 11 (8-14) | 9 (7-13) | <0.001 |
| JAAM DIC score | |||
| Day 1 | 6 (5-7) | 5 (4-6) | <0.001 |
| Day 3 | 5 (4-7) | 4 (2-5) | <0.001 |
| Day 7 | 3 (1-5) | 1 (0-4) | <0.001 |
| ISTH overt-DIC score | |||
| Day 1 | 4 (4-5) | 4 (3-5) | <0.001 |
| Day 3 | 4 (3-6) | 3 (1-4) | <0.001 |
| Day 7 | 2 (1-4) | 1 (0-3) | <0.001 |
| Preexisting comorbidities | |||
| Immunocompromised | 93 (10.7%) | 59 (10.4%) | 0.865 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 61 (7%) | 60 (10.6%) | 0.017 |
| Chronic heart failure | 51 (5.9%) | 19 (3.4%) | 0.031 |
| Chronic respiratory disorder | 28 (3.2%) | 22 (3.9%) | 0.503 |
| Liver insufficiency | 10 (1.2%) | 6 (1.1%) | 0.872 |
| Site of infection | 0.351 | ||
| Abdomen | 306 (35.3%) | 193 (34.2%) | |
| Lung | 157 (18.1%) | 116 (20.5%) | |
| Urinary tract | 183 (21.1%) | 115 (20.4%) | |
| Bone/soft tissue | 105 (12.1%) | 52 (9.2%) | |
| Cardiovascular | 34 (3.9%) | 23 (4.1%) | |
| Other/unknown | 82 (9.5%) | 66 (11.7%) | |
| Therapeutic interventions | |||
| Mechanical ventilation | 674 (77.7%) | 409 (72.4%) | 0.002 |
| Vasopressor treatment | 763 (88%) | 449 (79.5%) | <0.001 |
| Immunoglobulin | 418 (48.2%) | 79 (14%) | <0.001 |
| Low-dose steroid | 291 (33.6%) | 106 (18.8%) | <0.001 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 340 (39.2%) | 121 (21.4%) | <0.001 |
| Low-dose heparin | 90 (10.4%) | 94 (16.6%) | 0.001 |
| Interventions for source control | 410 (47.3%) | 218 (38.6%) | 0.001 |
| Outcomes | |||
| ICU length (days) | 9 (5-15) | 5 (3-11) | <0.001 |
| Hospital length (days) | 30 (16-60) | 26 (11-53) | <0.001 |
| ICU mortality | 197 (22.7%) | 135 (23.9%) | 0.608 |
| In-hospital mortality | 299 (34.5%) | 203 (35.9%) | 0.576 |
Abbreviations: APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; JAAM, Japanese Association for Acute Medicine; ISTH, International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation.
a Data are presented as the median (first and third quartiles) for continuous variables and number (%) for categorical variables. Differences between groups were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test or Chi-square test.