A) The 9 projects supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, the ISS National Lab, and NASA, model a broad range of human organ tissues and disease states.
B) Project timelines. The biphasic projects allow for two flight opportunities for each team, with results from the first flight informing the science for the second.
C) Tissue chip design and adaptation for launch and integration onto the ISS involves extensive miniaturization and automation. The ground and flight requirements for the kidney chip are provided in this example and required reduction of volume from over 48 cubic feet to around 2 cubic feet for on-orbit operations – roughly the size of a shoebox.