Table 2.
Baseline demographic characteristics of women in the PrEP-PP study in Cape Town, South Africa, 2019–2020
| Characteristic | PrEP care initiation at baseline (N = 623) | PrEP care retention at three months (N = 418) | PrEP adherence at three months (self-report, 30-day recall) (N = 175) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | In PrEP care, N = 5701 (91%) | Not in PrEP care, N = 531 (9%) | Retained in care, N = 2211 (53%) | Not retained in care, N = 1971 (49%) | Good adherence, N = 1411 (81%) | Poor adherence, N = 341 (19%) | |||||||||
| Demographics | |||||||||||||||
| Age group | 623 | ||||||||||||||
| 25+ years | 332 (58%) | 26 (49%) | 1.320 | 121 (55%) | 112 (57%) | 0.111 | 79 (56%) | 16 (47%) | 0.563 | ||||||
| Age (Years), Median (IQR) | 26 (22, 30) | 24 (22, 32) | 31.234 | 25 (22, 31) | 25 (23, 30) | 23.345 | 25 (22, 32) | 24 (22, 29) | 31.517 | ||||||
| < Grade 12 education | 623 | 292 (51%) | 21 (40%) | 2.169 | 112 (51%) | 94 (48%) | 0.257 | 78 (55%) | 14 (41%) | 1.667 | |||||
| Monthly income, rand | 623 | 0.539 | 0.458 | 0.277 | |||||||||||
| No income | 307 (54%) | 27 (51%) | 115 (52%) | 109 (55%) | 77 (55%) | 17 (50%) | |||||||||
| R 5000 and less | 224 (39%) | 21 (40%) | 90 (41%) | 75 (38%) | 54 (38%) | 14 (41%) | |||||||||
| Over R 5000 | 39 (6.8%) | 5 (9.4%) | 16 (7.2%) | 13 (6.6%) | 10 (7.1%) | 3 (8.8%) | |||||||||
| Household sizea, Median (IQR) | 621 | 4 (3, 5) | 3 (2, 6) | 11.99 | 4 (3, 6) | 4 (2, 5) | 13.839 | 4 (3, 5) | 5 (4, 6) | 15.540 | |||||
| Number of living children, Median (IQR) | 623 | 1 (0, 2) | 0 (0, 1) | 4.766 | 1 (0, 1) | 1 (0, 2) | 1.155 | 1 (0, 2) | 1 (0, 1) | 2.740 | |||||
| Married | 623 | 114 (20%) | 7 (13%) | 1.029 | 46 (21%) | 38 (19%) | 0.071 | 32 (23%) | 6 (18%) | 0.167 | |||||
| Cohabiting | 623 | 207 (36%) | 11 (21%) | 4.500* | 77 (35%) | 78 (40%) | 0.815 | 56 (40%) | 7 (21%) | 3.560 | |||||
| Pregnancy and pregnancy intentions | |||||||||||||||
| Gestational ageb | 620 | ||||||||||||||
| ≥20 weeks | 318 (56%) | 31 (58%) | 0.0372 | 115 (52%) | 117 (59%) | 1.855 | 70 (50%) | 24 (71%) | 4.027* | ||||||
| Gestational age (Weeks), Median (IQR) | 21 (14, 29) | 22 (13, 31) | 39.935 | 20 (14, 27) | 23 (14, 32) | 40.806 | 19 (14, 27) | 24 (19, 30) | 42.644 | ||||||
| Gravidity | 623 | ||||||||||||||
| Multigravida | 376 (66%) | 29 (55%) | 2.225 | 145 (66%) | 132 (67%) | 0.039 | 94 (67%) | 24 (71%) | 0.055 | ||||||
| Gravidity, Median (IQR) | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 3) | 4.398 | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 3) | 3.601 | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 2) | 4.814 | ||||||
| No pregnancy intention or changed intention | 622 | 396 (70%) | 32 (60%) | 1.514 | 149 (67%) | 134 (68%) | < 0.001 | 94 (67%) | 26 (76%) | 0.809 | |||||
| No baby intention or changed intention | 623 | 378 (66%) | 29 (55%) | 2.391 | 144 (65%) | 127 (64%) | 0.002 | 89 (63%) | 26 (76%) | 1.615 | |||||
| HIV risk and sexual behaviors | |||||||||||||||
| Partner not tested for HIV or Partner status unkonwn | 623 | 153 (27%) | 17 (32%) | 0.432 | 67 (30%) | 43 (22%) | 3.446 | 42 (30%) | 14 (41%) | 1.152 | |||||
| Partner HIV status | 623 | 1.330 | 8.971* | 1.667 | |||||||||||
| HIV negative | 409 (72%) | 36 (68%) | 149 (67%) | 154 (78%) | 95 (67%) | 19 (56%) | |||||||||
| HIV positive | 8 (1.4%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (2.3%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (2.8%) | 1 (2.9%) | |||||||||
| Unknown | 153 (27%) | 17 (32%) | 67 (30%) | 43 (22%) | 42 (30%) | 14 (41%) | |||||||||
| Any STI (CT, NG, TV) | 619 | 202 (36%) | 14 (27%) | 1.228 | 81 (37%) | 71 (36%) | < 0.001 | 43 (30%) | 22 (65%) | 12.305*** | |||||
| HIV risk perception | 622 | 5.187 | 0.739 | 5.124 | |||||||||||
| No chance at all | 360 (63%) | 26 (50%) | 150 (68%) | 128 (65%) | 98 (70%) | 18 (53%) | |||||||||
| Small chance | 178 (31%) | 20 (38%) | 57 (26%) | 58 (29%) | 33 (23%) | 14 (41%) | |||||||||
| Moderate chance | 24 (4.2%) | 5 (9.6%) | 10 (4.5%) | 8 (4.1%) | 7 (5.0%) | 2 (5.9%) | |||||||||
| Great chance | 8 (1.4%) | 1 (1.9%) | 4 (1.8%) | 3 (1.5%) | 3 (2.1%) | 0 (0%) | |||||||||
| At least one sexual partner during pregnancy | 622 | 556 (98%) | 49 (94%) | 0.919 | 216 (98%) | 195 (99%) | 0.372 | 139 (99%) | 33 (97%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Sex frequency, last three months | 607 | 1.739 | 1.551 | 4.618 | |||||||||||
| Once a month or less often | 64 (12%) | 5 (9.8%) | 21 (9.7%) | 22 (11%) | 10 (7.2%) | 6 (18%) | |||||||||
| 2–4 times a month | 277 (50%) | 25 (49%) | 114 (53%) | 100 (51%) | 74 (53%) | 18 (55%) | |||||||||
| 5–20 times per month | 171 (31%) | 19 (37%) | 67 (31%) | 55 (28%) | 45 (32%) | 7 (21%) | |||||||||
| More than 20 times per month | 44 (7.9%) | 2 (3.9%) | 14 (6.5%) | 18 (9.2%) | 10 (7.2%) | 2 (6.1%) | |||||||||
| Stigma, depression, intimate partner violence (IPV) and substance use | |||||||||||||||
| High internalized stigma | 623 | 35 (6.1%) | 28 (53%) | 111.21*** | 7 (3.2%) | 13 (6.6%) | 1.992 | 4 (2.8%) | 1 (2.9%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Ashamed of using PrEP | 14 (2.5%) | 7 (13%) | 18.232*** | 4 (1.8%) | 5 (2.5%) | 2.482 | 2 (1.4%) | 0 (0%) | 0.7360 | ||||||
| Embarrassed about using PrEP | 6 (1.1%) | 4 (7.5%) | 14.444*** | 0 (0%) | 5 (2.5%) | 5.697* | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | NA | ||||||
| Do not feel empowered to use PrEP | 3 (0.5%) | 16 (30%) | 295.24*** | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | 4.453 | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.9%) | 4.402 | ||||||
| High anticipated stigma | 623 | 142 (25%) | 20 (38%) | 3.505 | 40 (18%) | 58 (29%) | 6.847** | 27 (19%) | 4 (12%) | 0.5808 | |||||
| Public Ridicule/Shame | 55 (9.6%) | 8 (15%) | 3.446 | 16 (7.2%) | 27 (14%) | 7.533* | 10 (7.1%) | 1 (2.9%) | 0.801 | ||||||
| Negative Judgment | 59 (10%) | 8 (15%) | 2.377 | 21 (9.5%) | 30 (15%) | 7.771* | 13 (9.2%) | 1 (2.9%) | 1.635 | ||||||
| Increased risk, Physical violence or rape | 20 (3.5%) | 3 (5.7%) | 7.102* | 9 (4.1%) | 8 (4.1%) | 0.623 | 6 (4.3%) | 1 (2.9%) | 0.198 | ||||||
| Depressed (EPDS Summary Score≥13) | 622 | 43 (7.5%) | 2 (3.8%) | 0.498 | 21 (9.5%) | 13 (6.6%) | 0.818 | 15 (11%) | 2 (5.9%) | 0.268 | |||||
| Sexual violence or rape concern, next 3 months | 622 | 6.251 | 3.146 | 1.617 | |||||||||||
| Not concerned at all | 293 (51%) | 19 (37%) | 117 (53%) | 104 (53%) | 74 (52%) | 21 (62%) | |||||||||
| Somewhat concerned | 49 (8.6%) | 5 (9.6%) | 16 (7.2%) | 23 (12%) | 9 (6.4%) | 1 (2.9%) | |||||||||
| Concerned | 43 (7.5%) | 8 (15%) | 14 (6.3%) | 14 (7.1%) | 9 (6.4%) | 1 (2.9%) | |||||||||
| Very concerned | 185 (32%) | 20 (38%) | 74 (33%) | 56 (28%) | 49 (35%) | 11 (32%) | |||||||||
| IPV experience, Any | 622 | 72 (13%) | 3 (5.8%) | 1.519 | 23 (10%) | 19 (9.6%) | 0.009 | 16 (11%) | 4 (12%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Emotional IPV | 61 (11%) | 2 (3.8%) | 1.765 | 19 (8.6%) | 16 (8.1%) | 0 | 14 (9.9%) | 3 (8.8%) | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Physical IPV | 49 (8.6%) | 2 (3.8%) | 0.867 | 14 (6.3%) | 17 (8.6%) | 0.499 | 11 (7.8%) | 2 (5.9%) | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Sexual IPV | 6 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | < 0.001 | 1 (0.5%) | 3 (1.5%) | 0.383 | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Drug or alcohol use, Any, 12 mo. | 622 | 274 (48%) | 18 (35%) | 2.944 | 113 (51%) | 90 (46%) | 1.028 | 77 (55%) | 14 (41%) | 1.479 | |||||
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001
1Statistics presented: n (col %); median (IQR)
2Statistical tests performed: Chi-square test of independence; Wilcoxon rank-sum test; Fisher’s exact test
aIncluding children
bAt baseline