Table 1.
Baseline characteristics [1]
| Total | Survivors | Non-survivors | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 300 | 189 | 111 | |
| Woman (%) | 188 (62.7) | 130 (68.8) | 58 (52.3) | 0.004 |
| Age (years, SD) | 86.3 ± 6.6 | 85.7 ± 6.7 | 87.5 ± 6.3 | 0.022 |
| Length of hospital stay (days) [median (IQR)] | 11 (7/18) | 14 (10/21) | 7 (4/11) | < 0.001 |
| Number of days from onset of symptoms [median (IQR)] | 5 (2/7) | 5 (2/8) | 5 (3/7) | 0.509 |
| Community-dwelling | 97 (32.3) | 64 (33.9) | 33 (29.7) | 0.460 |
| Nursing home | 203 (67.7) | 125 (66.1) | 78 (70.3) | |
| Co-morbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 201 (67.0) | 130 (68.8) | 71 (64.0) | 0.391 |
| Diabetes mellitus (DM) | 85 (28.3) | 43 (22.8) | 42 (37.8) | 0.005 |
| COPD | 48 (16.0) | 31 (16.4) | 17 (15.3) | 0.804 |
| Chronic cerebrovascular disease | 73 (24.3) | 44 (23.3) | 29 (26.1) | 0.579 |
| Chronic liver disease | 9 (3.0) | 4 (2.1) | 5 (4.5) | 0.242 |
| Chronic kidney disease (CKD) | 52 (17.3) | 34 (18.0) | 18 (16.2) | 0.695 |
| Atrial Fibrillation | 83 (27.7) | 46 (24.3) | 37 (33.3) | 0.093 |
| Heart failure | 73 (24.3) | 47 (24.9) | 26 (23.4) | 0.778 |
| Cancer | 38 (12.7) | 26 (13.8) | 12 (10.8) | 0.459 |
| VTE/DTV | 33 (11.0) | 17 (9.0) | 16 (14.4) | 0.147 |
| Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) | ||||
| Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) | ||||
| CCI (mean) | 2.5 ± 2.1 | 2.3 ± 2.2 | 2.8 ± 1.8 | 0.049 |
| CCI ≥ 3 | 126 (42.0) | 69 (36.5) | 57 (51.4) | 0.012 |
| Barthel Index (BI) | ||||
| Independent (BI 100) | 48 (16.2) | 36 (19.4) | 12 (10.9) | 0.013 |
| Slight dependence (60–99) | 121 (40.9) | 82 (44.1) | 39 (35.5) | |
| Moderate dependence (40–59) | 40 (13.5) | 17 (9.1) | 23 (20.9) | |
| Severe dependence (20–39) | 33 (11.1) | 21 (11.3) | 12 (10.9) | |
| Total dependence (0–19) | 54 (18.2) | 30 (16.1) | 24 (21.8) | |
| Dependence (BI < 100) | 248 (83.8) | 150 (80.6) | 98 (89.1) | 0.057 |
| Frailty | ||||
| Fit or very mild frailty (CFS 1–4) | 81 (27.3) | 63 (33.7) | 18 (16.4) | 0.003 |
| Mild or moderate frailty (CFS: 5–6) | 131 (44.1) | 79 (42.2) | 52 (47.3) | |
| Severe or very severe frailty (CFS: 7–8) | 85 (28.6) | 45 (24.1) | 40 (36.4) | |
| Frail (CFS ≥ 5) | 216 (72.7) | 124 (66.3) | 92 (83.6) | 0.001 |
| Dementia: Global Deterioration Scale, GDS | ||||
| GDS: 0–3 | 164 (55.2) | 113 (60.1) | 51 (46.8) | 0.050 |
| GDS: 4 | 35 (11.8) | 20 (10.6) | 15 (13.8) | |
| GDS: 5 | 38 (12.8) | 20 (10.6) | 18 (16.5) | |
| GDS: 6 | 42 (14.1) | 28 (14.9) | 14 (12.8) | |
| GDS: 7 | 18 (6.1) | 7 (3.7) | 11 (10.1) | |
| Dementia (GDS ≥ 4) | 134 (45.1) | 76 (40.4) | 58 (53.2) | 0.033 |
| Polypharmacy | 213 (71.0) | 133 (70.4) | 80 (72.1) | 0.754 |
| Delirium (prevalent) | 117 (39.0) | 59 (31.2) | 58 (52.3) | < 0.001 |
| Delirium (incident) | 84 (28.0) | 37 (19.6) | 47 (42.3) | < 0.001 |
| Fall | 32 (10.7) | 19 (10.1) | 13 (11.7) | 0.653 |
Bold value indicates statistical significance