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. 2021 Jul 21;12(6):1169–1180. doi: 10.1007/s41999-021-00541-0

Table 2.

Baseline characteristics [2]

Total Survivors Non-survivors p value
Clinical variables
 Blood pressure 129.6 ± 25.3 132.2 ± 25.0 124.9 ± 25.2 0.017
 Heart rate 85.9 ± 19.3 83.6 ± 16.7 89.7 ± 22.7 0.015
 Respiratory rate, breath/min 23.2 ± 7.8 21.0 ± 6.9 26.3 ± 8.0  < 0.001
  Fever 154 (51.3) 91 (48.1) 63 (56.8) 0.150
 Blood oxygen level (pulse oximeter) 91.1 ± 6.0 92.0 ± 5.3 89.7 ± 6.8 0.001
 CURB-65, mean 2.1 ± 0.9 1.8 ± 0.9 2.7 ± 0.8  < 0.001
  Severity of pneumonia
  CURB-65: 0–1 (low risk) 83 (28.9) 75 (42.1) 8 (7.3)  < 0.001
  CURB-65: 2 (moderate risk) 105 (36.6) 69 (38.8) 36 (33.0)
  CURB-65: 3–5 (high risk) 99 (34.5) 34 (19.1) 65 (59.6)
 qSOFA, mean 0.9 ± 0.8 0.6 ± 0.7 1.3 ± 0.8  < 0.001
Laboratory data
 Lymphocytes, cells/mm3 (median (IQR)) 0.89 (0.60/1.26) 0.93 (0.62/1.35) 0.77 (0.49/1.00) 0.007
 Albumin, g/dL [median (IQR)] 3.3 (3.0/3.7) 3.4 (3.1/3.7) 3.2 (2.9/3.7) 0.068
 Ferritin, ng/mL [median (IQR)] 266 (155/463.5) 246 (147/392) 401 (203/755) 0.002
  d-Dimer, ng/mL [median (IQR)] 1.5 (0.8/2.8) 1.4 (0.8/2.6) 1.6 (0.9/3.0) 0.281
 C-reactive protein, mg/L [median (IQR)) 62.0 (26.3/143.0) 53.7 (21.6/114.0) 86.0 (46.8/181.5)  < 0.001
 Thrombocytes, 106 (median (IQR)) 206 (1254/289) 221 (158/317) 190 (141/252) 0.004
 Creatinine, mg/dL [median (IQR)] 0.97 (0.70/1.40) 0.80 (0.60/1.20) 1.14 (0.87/1.63)  < 0.001
Treatment
 ACEI 88 (29.3) 63 (33.3) 25 (22.5) 0.047
  Anticoagulants (any dose) 83 (27.7) 48 (25.4) 35 (31.5) 0.251
  Benzodiazepines 96 (32.0) 63 (33.3) 33 (29.7) 0.518
  Risperidone 13 (4.3) 5 (2.6) 8 (7.2) 0.079
  Quetiapine 34 (11.3) 17 (9.0) 17 (15.3) 0.095
  Antidepressants 109 (36.3) 71 (37.6) 38 (34.2) 0.562
  Haloperidol 24 (8.0) 15 (7.9) 9 (8.1) 0.958
  Trazodone 34 (11.3) 23 (12.2) 11 (9.9) 0.551
Treatment during admission
 Anticoagulant prophylaxis 270 (90.6) 176 (93.6) 94 (85.5) 0.020
  None 29 (9.7) 12 (6.4) 17 (15.5) 0.032
  Prophylactic dose 186 (62.4) 124 (66.0) 62 (56.4)
  Therapeutic dose 83 (27.9) 52 (27.7) 31 (28.2)
 Hydroxychloroquine 261 (87.0) 175 (92.6) 86 (77.5)  < 0.001
  Azithromycin 188 (63.1) 121 (64.4) 67 (60.9) 0.551
  Corticosteroids 109 (37.1) 61 (33.0) 48 (44.0) 0.058
  Lopinavir plus ritonavir 22 (7.3) 13 (6.9) 9 (8.1) 0.693
  Colchicine 3 (1.0) 2 (1.1) 1 (0.9) 0.999
  Darunavir 5 (1.7) 4 (2.1) 1 (0.9) 0.655
Radiology
 Pneumonia 252 (84.0) 149 (78.8) 103 (92.8) 0.001
  Respiratory tract infection 48 (16.0) 450 (21.2) 8 (7.2) 0.002
  Unilobar pneumonia 25 (8.3) 15 (7.9) 10 (9.0) 0.746
  Unilateral multilobar pneumonia 15 (5.0) 8 (4.2) 7 (6.3) 0.426
 Bilateral multilobar pneumonia 212 (70.7) 126 (66.7) 86 (77.5) 0.047
  Ground-glass opacification 52 (17.9) 35 (18.6) 17 (16.5) 0.653
  Unilobar pneumonia, unilateral multilobar pneumonia, bilateral multilobar pneumonia, ground-glass opacification 252 (84.0) 149 (78.8) 103 (92.8) 0.001
Non-cardiac complication
 Respiratory distress syndrome 15 (5.2) 1 (0.6) 14 (13.2)  < 0.001
  Acute renal failure 38 (13.2) 22 (12.2) 16 (15.1) 0.578
 Co-infection 65 (22.6) 42 (23.2) 23 (21.7) 0.022
 Sepsis 31 (10.8) 4 (2.2) 27 (25.5)  < 0.001
  Sodium disturbance 17 (5.9) 10 (5.5) 7 (6.6) 0.714

Bold value indicates statistical significance