TABLE 3.

Hand‐hygiene practices in livestock practice and equine practice reported by veterinarians (n = 129)

	Livestock practice			Equine practice			Livestock vs. equine practice
	n	%	95% CI	n	%	95% CI	p‐value a	corrected p‐value b
Washing hands when dirty
Always*	65	55.1	46.1–63.8	33	28.0	20.7–36.7	<.001	<.001
Often	44	37.3	29.1–46.3	58	49.2	40.3–58.1	.07	.19
Sometimes*	7	5.9	2.9–11.7	21	17.8	11.9–25.7	<.01	.02
Seldom	2	1.7	0.5–6.0	5	4.2	1.8–9.5	.26	.40
Never	0	0.0	0.0–3.2	1	0.8	0.1–4.6	.34	.49
Total	118			118
Use of hand sanitizer after washing hands
Always	7	6.0	2.9–11.8	3	2.5	0.9–7.2	.18	.32
Often	15	12.8	7.9–20.1	24	20.3	14.1–28.5	.12	.28
Sometimes	22	18.8	12.8–26.8	28	23.7	17.0–32.2	.36	.52
Seldom	41	35.0	27.0–44.0	42	35.6	27.5–44.6	.92	.95
Never	32	27.4	20.1–36.1	21	17.8	11.9–25.7	.08	.21
Total	117			118
Overall hand hygiene between animals/animal groups
Always	8	6.8	3.5–12.9	10	8.8	4.8–15.4	.57	.75
Often	40	34.2	26.2–43.2	29	25.4	18.3–34.1	.14	.28
Sometimes	29	24.8	17.8–33.3	36	31.6	23.8–40.6	.25	.40
Seldom	36	30.8	23.1–39.6	30	26.3	19.1–35.1	.45	.63
Never	4	3.4	1.3–8.5	9	7.9	4.2–14.3	.14	.28
Total	117			114
Overall hand hygiene before moving on to next farm
Always*	87	75.0	66.4–82.0	48	42.5	33.8–51.7	<.001	<.001
Often*	25	21.6	15.0–29.9	46	40.7	32.1–49.9	<.01	.01
Sometimes*	3	2.6	0.9–7.3	14	12.4	7.5–19.7	<.01	.02
Seldom	1	0.9	0.2–4.7	3	2.7	0.9–7.5	.30	.46
Never	0	0.0	0.0–3.2	2	1.8	0.5–6.2	.15	.28
Total	116			113

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.

^a z‐test.

^b Benjamini‐Hochberg false discovery rate correction.

^*Statistically significant at 5% level.