Table 1.

List of key abbreviation definitions

Abbreviation	Definition
EV	Extracellular vesicle
ISEV	International Society for Extracellular Vesicles
ESCRT	Endosomal sorting complex required for transport
MVB	Multivesicular bodies
ILV	Intraluminal vesicles
Alix	Apoptosis linked gene-2 interacting protein X
TSG101	Tumor susceptibility gene 101
CD	Cluster of differentiation
Rab	Ras-related brain/protein
Hsc	Heat shock cognate
Hsp	Heat shock protein
EGFR	Epidermal growth factor receptor
PI3K	Phosphoinositide-3-kinase
FGFR	Fibroblast growth factor receptor
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
VEGFR2	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2
IFN	Interferon
HFD	High fat diet
PPARγ	Peroxisome proliferator activator gamma
miR	microRNA
SNAP-23	Synaptosome associated protein-23
GREM2	Gremlin-2
TGFβ	Transforming growth factor beta
STAM	Signal transducing adapter molecule
Eps15	Epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 15
Hrs	Hepatocyte growth factor–regulated tyrosine kinase substrate
ARF6	ADP ribosylation factor 6
PLD2	Phospholipase D2
GTPase	Guanosine triphosphatase
SNARE	Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment receptor
VAMP-7	Vesicle associated membrane protein-7
SUMO	Small ubiquitin-like modifier
ATG	Autophagy-related
ISG15	Interferon-stimulated gene 15
PKM2	Protein kinase M2
IAA	Indole-3-acetic acid
2,4-DNP	2,4-Dinitrophenol
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
AMP	Adenosine monophosphate
cAMP	cyclic adenosine monophosphate
KIBRA	Kidney and brain related protein
HIF-1α	Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha
RAD52	Radiation sensitive 52
HOXA1	Homeobox A1
Src	Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src
RAS	Rat sarcoma kinase family
ERK	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
MAPK	Mitogen associated protein kinase
NMDA	N-methyl-D-aspartate
iPSC	Induced pluoripotent stem cell