Figure 3.

(A) Changes in kisspeptin mRNA expressions during GnRH neurogeneration by FGF8 treatment. mRNA levels on days 0 (green), 5 (pale pink), 10 (dark pink), and 24 (red) in the presence of FGF8 and on days 5 (pale blue), 10 (blue), and 24 (dark blue) in the absence of FGF8 (NDM control) were assessed by RT-PCR (all, n = 4). ^aaa = P < 0.001, ^aa = P < 0.01, and ^a = P < 0.05 vs FGF8 day 0 (NE stage). Note that regardless of the presence or absence of FGF8, kisspeptin mRNA expressions on day 5 were significantly higher than day 0. (B) Effects of various molecules on GnRH neurogeneration from hESC. The mean ± SEM efficiency rate (n = 6, green). Exposure of NE cells to FGF8, but not to FGF 21, was effective in GnRH neurogeneration and addition of KP10 to FGF8 in NDM for a 5-day period, especially, days 10 to 15, significantly increased the efficiency rate of GnRH neurogeneration as well as the maximum efficiency rate. ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001 vs control (NDM alone); ^† = P < 0.05 vs FGF8 alone.