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. 2021 Jul 15;117(1):181–264. [Article in Portuguese] doi: 10.36660/abc.20210180

Table 1.3. Causes of myocardial injury.

Myocardial injury with an ischemic etiology
• Rupture or erosion of atherosclerotic plaque with thrombosis
• Myocardial injury related to myocardial ischemia due to oxygen supply/consumption imbalance
Reduction in myocardial perfusion:
• Coronary artery spasm
• Coronary microvascular disease
• Coronary embolism
• Coronary dissection
• Sustained bradyarrhythmia
• Hypotension or shock
• Respiratory failure
• Severe anemia
Increase in oxygen consumption:
• Sustained tachyarrhythmia
• Hypertensive crisis
Myocardial injury due to other nonischemic cardiac conditions
• Heart failureMyocarditis
• Any type of cardiomyopathy
• Takotsubo syndrome
• Myocardial revascularization surgery
• Catheter ablation
• Defibrillation or electrical cardioversion
• Myocardial contusion
• Síndrome de Takotsubo
Myocardial injury due to systemic conditions
• Sepsis or active infectious process
• Chronic kidney disease
• Stroke or subarachnoid hemorrhage
• Pulmonary embolism and pulmonary hypertension
• Infiltrative myocardial disease (eg, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis)
• Chemotherapeutic agents
• Critical patient
• Extreme physical activity