Table 1.
Demographic, clinical characteristics, and inclusion risk factors of the patients at baseline
| Dapagliflozin (n=625) | Placebo (n=625) | Total (N=1250) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age, years | 61·0 (13·4) | 61·8 (13·5) | 61·4 (13·5) | ||
| Sex, female | 260 (41·6%) | 273 (43·7%) | 533 (42·6%) | ||
| Mean BMI, kg/m2 | 30·6 (6·2) | 30·9 (6·4) | 30·7 (6·3) | ||
| Race* | |||||
| White | 452 (72·6%) | 459 (74·3%) | 911 (73·4%) | ||
| Black | 85 (13·6%) | 84 (13·6%) | 169 (13·6%) | ||
| Asian | 35 (5·6%) | 29 (4·7%) | 64 (5·2%) | ||
| Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 1 (0·2%) | 0 | 1 (0·1%) | ||
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 7 (1·1%) | 10 (1·6%) | 17 (1·4%) | ||
| Other | 43 (6·9%) | 36 (5·8%) | 79 (6·4%) | ||
| Ethnicity* | |||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 394 (63·4%) | 362 (58·5%) | 756 (61·0%) | ||
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 166 (26·7%) | 177 (28·6%) | 343 (27·7%) | ||
| Not reported or unknown | 61 (9·8%) | 80 (12·8%) | 141 (11·3%) | ||
| Inclusion risk factors | |||||
| Type 2 diabetes | 312 (49·9%) | 324 (51·8%) | 636 (50·9%) | ||
| Heart failure | 44 (7·0%) | 46 (7·4%) | 90 (7·2%) | ||
| Hypertension | 526 (84·2%) | 534 (85·4%) | 1060 (84·8%) | ||
| Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease | 93 (14·9%) | 106 (17·0%) | 199 (15·9%) | ||
| Chronic kidney disease, eGFR 25–60 mL/min per 1·73 m2 | 38 (6·1%) | 44 (7·0%) | 82 (6·6%) | ||
| Patients with two or more inclusion risk factors | 292 (46·7%) | 319 (51·0%) | 611 (48·9%) | ||
| Other risk factors | |||||
| Age ≥60 years | 339 (54·2%) | 360 (57·6%) | 699 (55·9%) | ||
| BMI ≥30 | 296 (47·4%) | 305 (48·8%) | 601 (48·1%) | ||
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 25 (4·0%) | 32 (5·1%) | 57 (4·6%) | ||
| Current smoker | 29 (4·6%) | 20 (3·2%) | 49 (3·9%) | ||
| Vitals signs | |||||
| Heart rate, beats per min | 79·3 (13·7) | 79·7 (13·7) | 79·5 (13·7) | ||
| Blood pressure, mm Hg | |||||
| Systolic | 126·6 (16·0) | 127·0 (16·3) | 126·8 (16·1) | ||
| Diastolic | 76·6 (10·9) | 76·2 (10·6) | 76·4 (10·7) | ||
| Temperature, °C | 36·4 (0·6) | 36·4 (0·7) | 36·4 (0·6) | ||
| Oxygen saturation, %† | 95·5 (1·7) | 95·2 (1·8) | 95·3 (1·8) | ||
| Laboratory values at baseline | |||||
| eGFR, mL/min per 1·73 m2 | 84·1 (25.0) | 83·4 (24·6) | 83·8 (24·8) | ||
| SARS-CoV-2-test result at baseline | |||||
| Positive | 584 (93·4%) | 575 (92·0%) | 1159 (92·7%) | ||
| Negative | 30 (4·8%) | 35 (5·6%) | 65 (5·2%) | ||
| Test results not known | 11 (1·8%) | 15 (2·4%) | 26 (2·1%) | ||
| Medication at baseline | |||||
| ACE inhibitor or ARB | 225 (36·0%) | 219 (35·0%) | 444 (35·5%) | ||
| β-blocker | 93 (14·9%) | 98 (15·7%) | 191 (15·3%) | ||
| Calcium blocker | 84 (13·4%) | 88 (14·1%) | 172 (13·8%) | ||
| Loop-diuretic | 49 (7·8%) | 63 (10·1%) | 112 (9·0%) | ||
| Statin | 122 (19·5%) | 144 (23·0%) | 266 (21·3%) | ||
| Anti-coagulant | 527 (84·3%) | 527 (84·3%) | 1054 (84·3%) | ||
| Glucose-lowering medication at baseline | |||||
| Biguanide | 82 (13·1%) | 75 (12·0%) | 157 (12·6%) | ||
| Sulfonylurea | 24 (3·8%) | 22 (3·5%) | 46 (3·7%) | ||
| DPP-4 inhibitor | 17 (2·7%) | 11 (1·8%) | 28 (2·2%) | ||
| GLP-1 receptor agonist | 6 (1·0%) | 8 (1·3%) | 14 (1·1%) | ||
| Insulin | 223 (35·7%) | 221 (35·4%) | 444 (35·5%) | ||
| Concomitant COVID-19 medication at baseline | |||||
| Remdesivir | 114 (18·2%) | 111 (17·8%) | 225 (18·0%) | ||
| Systemic corticosteroids | 176 (28·2%) | 179 (28·6%) | 355 (28·4%) | ||
| Dexamethasone | 133 (21·3%) | 136 (21·8%) | 269 (21·5%) | ||
| Other systemic glucocorticoid | 50 (8·0%) | 55 (8·8%) | 105 (8·4%) | ||
Data are mean (SD) or n (%). eGFR=estimated glomerular filtration rate. N numbers might differ for some parameters based on data availability, as shown.
*
Reported by the patient.
†
Measured on supplemental oxygen.