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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Sep 30.
Published in final edited form as: J Agric Food Chem. 2020 Sep 18;68(39):10651–10663. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03526

Scheme 1.

Scheme 1.

(A) Estradiol, endogenous ligand; identified bioactive flavonoids present in hops, licorice (mainly Glycyrrhiza inflata (GI)), Epimedium species (e.g., E. sagittatum) sold as horny goat weed, and present in ubiquitous plant sources as indicated. (B) Identified bioactive isoflavonoids present in red clover/soy and lupin bean, as well as DGN, a biotransformed metabolite of GEN.