Table 2.
ERα- and ERβ-dependent Estrogenic Effects of Extracts and (Iso)Flavonoids.a
| Extractsb | ERα | ERβ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EC50 | Maximum efficacy | EC50 | Maximum efficacy | |
| Hops | 0.030 ± 0.010 | 72 ± 4.0 | 0.50 ± 0.050 | 107 ± 8.0 |
| Red clover | 1.8 ± 0.20 | 94 ± 12 | 0.45 ± 0.10 | 139 ± 7.0 |
| Inflata licorice | 1.1 ± 0.204 | 57 ± 6.04 | 0.60 ± 0.204 | 80 ± 104 |
| Epimedium sagittatum | 3.2 ± 0.20 | 53 ± 5.0 | 2.5 ± 0.090 | 53 ± 0.60 |
| Compoundsc | EC50 | Maximum efficacy | EC50 | Maximum efficacy |
| 17β-Estradiol | 0.030 ± 0.00d,4 | 100 ± 104 | 0.030 ± 0.00d,4 | 100 ± 4.04 |
| Flavanones, Flavones | ||||
| 8-PN | 0.0050 ± 0.00104 | 108 ± 184 | 0.0050 ± 0.000504 | 87 ± 9.04 |
| 8-PA | 0.050 ± 0.00604 | 93 ± 7.04 | 0.0035 ± 0.000404 | 104 ± 6.04 |
| NRG | 3.7 ± 0.50 | 69 ± 6.0 | 0.10 ± 0.040 | 99 ± 4.0 |
| API | 3.2 ± 0.030 | 45 ± 3.0 | 0.16 ± 0.020 | 118 ± 5.0 |
| Flavonols | ||||
| DMI | 0.20 ± 0.020 | 67 ± 12 | 0.010 ± 0.0070 | 90 ± 11 |
| ICT | 1.6 ± 0.40 | 53 ± 8.0 | 1.7 ± 0.70 | 69 ± 4.0 |
| KFL | 5.1 ± 4.0 | 36 ± 5.0 | 0.20 ± 0.050 | 75 ± 4.0 |
| Isoflavonoids | ||||
| GEN | 0.40 ± 0.050 | 117 ± 25 | 0.0022 ± 0.0004 | 131 ± 3.0 |
| DGN | 0.80 ± 0.10 | 84 ± 4.0 | 0.020 ± 0.010 | 114 ± 12 |
| 8-PG | 0.50 ± 0.20 | 49 ± 10 | 0.30 ± 0.0030 | 74 ± 7.0 |
a
Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM of at least three independent determinations in triplicate. ERα activity was determined in the estrogen-responsive alkaline phosphatase assay using ERα positive Ishikawa cells. ERβ-activity was determined using the ERE-luciferase induction assay in ERβ positive MDA-MB-231/β41 cells. Method details are described in the Experimental Section.
b
Values are expressed in μg/mL for extracts.
c
Values are expressed in μM for compounds.
d
nM