(b).
| Parental bonding style | N | Suicide ideation | Low self-efficacy | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Crude OR (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p value | n | Crude OR (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p value | ||
| Mother | |||||||||||
| Optimal parenting | 116 | 28 | 1.00 (ref) | — | 1.00 (ref) | — | 76 | 1.00 (ref) | — | 1.00 (ref) | — |
| Affectionate constraint | 98 | 32 | 1.52 (0.84-2.77) | 0.168 | 1.37 (0.68-2.80) | 0.381 | 61 | 1.15 (0.66-2.02) | 0.619 | 1.18 (0.62-2.21) | 0.615 |
| Neglectful parenting | 29 | 13 | 2.55 (1.09-5.95) | 0.030∗ | 1.95 (0.65-5.80) | 0.230 | 12 | 2.69 (1.17-6.19) | 0.020∗ | 2.65 (0.97-7.19) | 0.057 |
| Affectionless control | 71 | 41 | 4.29 (2.28-8.10) | 0.001∗ | 3.62 (1.58-8.27) | 0.002∗ | 26 | 3.29 (1.78-6.09) | 0.001∗ | 3.81 (1.76-8.25) | 0.001∗ |
| Father | |||||||||||
| Optimal parenting | 113 | 30 | 1.00 (ref) | — | 1.00 (ref) | — | 70 | 1.00 (ref) | — | 1.00 (ref) | — |
| Affectionate constraint | 65 | 28 | 2.09 (1.09-3.98) | 0.025∗ | 3.09 (1.36-7.02) | 0.007∗ | 35 | 1.40 (0.75-2.59) | 0.291 | 1.38 (0.67-2.84) | 0.383 |
| Neglectful parenting | 68 | 24 | 1.51 (0.79-2.89) | 0.214 | 1.72 (0.80-3.71) | 0.168 | 37 | 1.36 (0.74-2.51) | 0.319 | 1.51 (0.75-3.01) | 0.244 |
| Affectionless control | 65 | 29 | 2.23 (1.17-4.24) | 0.015∗ | 1.37 (0.60-3.16) | 0.464 | 32 | 1.68 (0.91-3.11) | 0.100 | 1.28 (0.61-2.70) | 0.513 |
OR: odds ratio; CI: confident interval. Multiple logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, skin color, marital status, living arrangement, employment status, process for admission to medical school, undergraduate school year, smoking, alcohol consumption, illicit drug consumption, physical activity, chronic disease, physical abuse, and sexual abuse.