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1-NP induced the activation of AMPK/Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway in RAW264.7 macrophages. AMPK phosphorylation (a), Nrf-2 expression (b), and HO-1 expression (c) were measured by colormetric assay kit after cells were treated with 1-NP. The change in fold of AMPK phosphorylation, Nrf-2 expression, and HO-1 expression between the treated and control groups was calculated. Results are expressed as means ± SD (n = 3). ∗P < 0.05 was considered significant as compared with the control group.
