Table 3.
Prevalence estimates and relative risk ratios for associations between sociodemographic indicators and referral destination in separate models for 12–15, 16–17, and 18–29 age groups
| Referral destination | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outpatient (reference)a | Inpatient | Emergencyb | |||||
| n (%) | n (%) | Unadjusted RRR (95% CI) | Adjusted RRR (95% CI)c | n (%) | Unadjusted RRR (95% CI) | Adjusted RRR (95% CI)c | |
| Age 12–15 | 4233 (88.0) | 257 (5.3) | – | – | 214 (4.5) | – | – |
| Ethnicity (n = 4222) | |||||||
| White British | 1759 (90.0) | 110 (5.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 86 (4.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| White Other | 299 (90.3) | 22 (6.7) | 1.17 (0.73–1.90) | 1.33 (0.78–2.28) | 10 (3.0) | 0.69 (0.36–1.31) | 0.72 (0.36–1.41) |
| Black Caribbean | 327 (90.1) | 26 (7.2) | 1.30 (0.83–2.04) | 1.31 (0.82–2.09) | 10 (2.8) | 0.58 (0.31–1.12) | 0.60 (0.31–1.17) |
| Black African | 294 (83.1) | 29 (8.2) | 1.58 (1.03–2.43) | 1.76 (1.07–2.91) | 31 (8.8) | 1.92 (1.26–2.94) | 1.99 (1.23–3.24) |
| Black British | 272 (91.0) | 9 (3.0) | 0.54 (0.27–1.08) | 0.57 (0.29–1.15) | 18 (6.0) | 1.26 (0.73–2.17) | 1.36 (0.79–2.34) |
| Asian | 185 (86.1) | 20 (9.3) | 1.68 (1.02–2.77) | 1.85 (1.08–3.17) | 10 (4.7) | 0.99 (0.50–1.97) | 1.03 (0.51–2.08) |
| Mixed | 427 (91.0) | 27 (5.8) | 1.01 (0.65–1.57) | 1.02 (0.66–1.60) | 15 (3.2) | 0.68 (0.39–1.18) | 0.64 (0.37–1.12) |
| Other | 203 (86.0) | 11 (4.7) | 0.81 (0.43–1.53) | 0.93 (0.46–1.88) | 22 (9.3) | 1.82 (1.12–2.95) | 2.14 (1.19–3.83) |
| Migration status (n = 1429) | |||||||
| Non-migrant | 937 (79.6) | 125 (10.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 115 (9.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Migrant | 196 (77.8) | 27 (10.7) | 1.17 (0.83–1.66) | 0.86 (0.55–1.34) | 29 (11.5) | 1.13 (0.72–1.77) | 0.87 (0.48–1.57) |
| Gender (n = 4704) | |||||||
| Female | 2734 (89.0) | 167 (5.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 170 (5.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Male | 1499 (91.8) | 90 (5.5) | 0.98 (0.76–1.28) | 0.92 (0.70–1.21) | 44 (2.7) | 0.50 (0.37–0.70) | 0.53 (0.38–0.74) |
| Age 16–17 | 1817 (74.9) | 188 (7.7) | – | – | 361 (14.9) | – | – |
| Ethnicity (n = 2107) | |||||||
| White British | 666 (75.1) | 81 (9.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 140 (15.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| White Other | 158 (81.4) | 12 (6.2) | 0.66 (0.35–1.23) | 0.58 (0.27–1.28) | 24 (12.4) | 0.77 (0.48–1.23) | 1.05 (0.63–1.76) |
| Black Caribbean | 126 (75.9) | 15 (9.0) | 1.04 (0.58–1.88) | 1.06 (0.56–2.01) | 25 (15.1) | 0.97 (0.61–1.55) | 1.09 (0.68–1.77) |
| Black African | 156 (69.3) | 19 (8.4) | 1.05 (0.62–1.78) | 0.92 (0.46–1.87) | 50 (22.2) | 1.53 (1.06–2.21) | 2.10 (1.37–3.22) |
| Black British | 95 (75.4) | 11 (8.7) | 1.01 (0.52–1.97) | 1.01 (0.50–1.99) | 20 (15.9) | 1.05 (0.63–1.75) | 1.08 (0.64–1.82) |
| Asian | 112 (67.9) | 21 (12.7) | 1.63 (0.97–2.73) | 1.48 (0.76–2.88) | 32 (19.4) | 1.39 (0.90–2.14) | 1.92 (1.20–3.09) |
| Mixed | 124 (77.5) | 10 (6.3) | 0.67 (0.34–1.32) | 0.65 (0.32–1.31) | 26 (16.3) | 0.94 (0.59–1.51) | 0.99 (0.62–1.58) |
| Other | 134 (72.8) | 18 (9.8) | 1.11 (0.65–1.90) | 0.99 (0.48–2.08) | 32 (17.4) | 1.10 (0.72–1.67) | 1.65 (1.01–2.68) |
| Migration status (n = 928) | |||||||
| Non-migrant | 354 (53.4) | 93 (14.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 216 (32.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Migrant | 168 (63.4) | 35 (13.2) | 1.14 (0.78–1.68) | 1.08 (0.58–2.02) | 62 (23.4) | 0.84 (0.63–1.12) | 0.56 (0.38–0.82) |
| Gender (n = 2366) | |||||||
| Female | 1161 (76.5) | 100 (6.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 256 (16.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Male | 656 (77.3) | 88 (10.4) | 1.56 (1.15–2.11) | 1.45 (1.06–2.00) | 105 (12.4) | 0.73 (0.57–0.94) | 0.73 (0.56–0.94) |
| Age 18–29 | 6176 (52.8) | 1030 (8.8) | – | – | 4170 (35.7) | – | |
| Ethnicity (n = 10331) | |||||||
| White British | 2491 (51.1) | 448 (9.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1937 (39.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| White Other | 484 (46.5) | 93 (8.9) | 1.06 (0.83–1.36) | 0.98 (0.70–1.36) | 464 (44.6) | 1.24 (1.07–1.43) | 1.26 (1.04–1.53) |
| Black Caribbean | 255 (47.9) | 79 (14.9) | 1.70 (1.30–2.23) | 1.60 (1.19–2.15) | 198 (37.2) | 1.02 (0.84–1.23) | 1.05 (0.86–1.28) |
| Black African | 399 (40.9) | 159 (16.3) | 2.23 (1.81–2.76) | 1.99 (1.50–2.65) | 417 (42.8) | 1.39 (1.20–1.62) | 1.44 (1.18–1.75) |
| Black British | 126 (40.0) | 30 (8.8) | 1.29 (0.86–1.94) | 1.31 (0.86–1.99) | 185 (54.3) | 1.87 (1.50–2.34) | 1.96 (1.55–2.46) |
| Asian | 364 (45.6) | 72 (9.0) | 1.11 (0.84–1.46) | 1.01 (0.73–1.39) | 363 (45.4) | 1.33 (1.13–1.57) | 1.30 (1.06–1.59) |
| Mixed | 175 (52.4) | 40 (12.0) | 1.21 (0.85–1.74) | 1.15 (0.79–1.67) | 119 (35.6) | 0.86 (0.67–1.10) | 0.85 (0.66–1.10) |
| Other | 1015 (70.8) | 100 (7.0) | 0.57 (0.45–0.71) | 0.51 (0.38–0.69) | 318 (22.2) | 0.43 (0.37–0.50) | 0.42 (0.34–0.51) |
| Migration status (n = 6300) | |||||||
| Non-migrant | 1455 (35.2) | 370 (8.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2313 (55.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Migrant | 789 (36.5) | 238 (11.0) | 1.10 (0.94–1.28) | 1.11 (0.86–1.42) | 1135 (52.5) | 0.92 (0.82–1.03) | 0.95 (0.79–1.13) |
| Gender (n = 11376) | |||||||
| Female | 3938 (57.0) | 529 (7.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2448 (35.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Male | 2238 (50.2) | 501 (11.2) | 1.66 (1.46–1.90) | 1.61 (1.40–1.85) | 1722 (38.6) | 1.25 (1.15–1.35) | 1.26 (1.16–1.37) |
Frequencies and proportions were calculated using the original, non-imputed dataset. Relative risk ratios were calculated using the imputed dataset
aOutpatient services is the reference group
bEmergency services include A&E Liaison Croydon University Hospital, Criminal Justice Mental Health Services, Croydon 136 Suite, Mental Health Liaison Service at King’s College Hospital, Lewisham 136 Suite, Liaison Psychiatry at King’s College Hospital, Liaison Psychiatry at St. Thomas’ Hospital, Place of Safety, St. Thomas’ Hospital A&E Services
cModels adjusted for ethnicity, migration status, gender, household composition, year of referral, and CGAS score (continuous) for those aged 12–15 and 16–17 or HoNOS score (continuous) for those aged 18–29