Table 4.
Prevalence estimates and odds ratios for associations between referral source and referral location in separate models for 12–15, 16–17, and 18–29 age groups
| Referral location | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outpatient (reference)a | Inpatient | |||
| n (%) | n (%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR(95% CI)d | |
| Age 12–15 (n = 4490) | 4233 (94.3) | 257 (5.7) | – | – |
| Referral source (n = 2978) | ||||
| GP | 2096 (95.3) | 103 (4.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Secondary health servicesb | 442 (91.0) | 44 (9.1) | 2.13 (1.52–2.98) | 1.85 (1.28–2.68) |
| Social/legal servicesc | 278 (94.9) | 15 (5.1) | 1.51 (0.91–2.49) | 1.29 (0.73–2.29) |
| Ethnicity (n = 4020) | ||||
| White British | 1759 (94.1) | 110 (5.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| White Other | 299 (93.2) | 22 (6.8) | 1.18 (0.74–1.90) | 1.39 (0.81–2.40) |
| Black Caribbean | 327 (92.6) | 26 (7.4) | 1.31 (0.84–2.05) | 1.29 (0.81–2.06) |
| Black African | 294 (91.0) | 29 (9.0) | 1.61 (1.05–2.46) | 1.70 (1.01–2.85) |
| Black British | 272 (96.8) | 9 (3.2) | 0.54 (0.27–1.07) | 0.53 (0.26–1.07) |
| Asian | 185 (90.2) | 20 (9.8) | 1.69 (1.02–2.78) | 1.77 (1.02–3.05) |
| Mixed | 427 (94.1) | 27 (5.9) | 1.03 (0.67–1.60) | 1.03 (0.66–1.62) |
| Other | 203 (94.9) | 11 (5.1) | 0.82 (0.44–1.54) | 0.96 (0.48–1.94) |
| Migration status (n = 1285) | ||||
| Non-migrant | 937 (88.2) | 125 (11.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Migrant | 196 (87.9) | 27 (12.1) | 1.18 (0.83–1.67) | 0.82 (0.52–1.30) |
| Gender (n = 4490) | ||||
| Female | 2734 (94.2) | 167 (5.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Male | 1499 (94.3) | 90 (5.7) | 0.98 (0.75–1.28) | 0.93 (0.70–1.23) |
| Age 16–17 (n = 2005) | 1817 (90.6) | 188 (9.4) | – | – |
| Referral source (n = 1464) | ||||
| GP | 944 (94.4) | 56 (5.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Secondary health servicesb | 225 (82.7) | 47 (17.3) | 2.92 (1.95–4.37) | 2.89 (1.81–4.61) |
| Social/legal servicesc | 177 (92.2) | 15 (7.8) | 1.53 (0.86–2.71) | 1.10 (0.58–2.09) |
| Ethnicity (n = 1758) | ||||
| White British | 666 (89.2) | 81 (10.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| White Other | 158 (92.9) | 12 (7.1) | 0.65 (0.34–1.22) | 0.63 (0.28–1.41) |
| Black Caribbean | 126 (89.4) | 15 (10.6) | 1.03 (0.58–1.85) | 1.04 (0.54–2.00) |
| Black African | 156 (89.1) | 19 (10.9) | 1.03 (0.61–1.76) | 0.96 (0.45–2.05) |
| Black British | 95 (89.6) | 11 (10.4) | 0.99 (0.51–1.93) | 0.92 (0.45–1.88) |
| Asian | 112 (84.2) | 21 (15.8) | 1.61 (0.96–2.71) | 1.51 (0.76–3.02) |
| Mixed | 124 (92.5) | 10 (7.5) | 0.67 (0.33–1.34) | 0.62 (0.30–1.30) |
| Other | 134 (88.2) | 18 (11.8) | 1.10 (0.64–1.89) | 1.01 (0.47–2.14) |
| Migration status (n = 650) | ||||
| Non-migrant | 354 (79.2) | 93 (20.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Migrant | 168 (82.8) | 35 (17.2) | 1.12 (0.77–1.64) | 0.97 (0.49–1.92) |
| Gender (n = 2005) | ||||
| Female | 1161 (92.1) | 100 (7.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Male | 656 (88.2) | 88 (11.8) | 1.56 (1.15–2.11) | 1.59 (1.13–2.22) |
| Age 18–29 (n = 7206) | 6176 (85.7) | 1030 (14.3) | – | – |
| Referral source (n = 5215) | ||||
| GP | 3456 (88.8) | 435 (11.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Secondary health servicesb | 890 (77.3) | 262 (22.7) | 2.35 (1.99–2.77) | 2.42 (2.04–2.87) |
| Social/legal servicesc | 83 (48.3) | 89 (51.7) | 6.71 (4.86–9.27) | 5.06 (3.64–7.05) |
| Ethnicity (n = 6330) | ||||
| White British | 2491 (84.8) | 448 (15.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| White Other | 484 (83.9) | 93 (16.1) | 1.05 (0.82–1.34) | 0.99 (0.71–1.41) |
| Black Caribbean | 255 (76.4) | 79 (23.6) | 1.70 (1.29–2.22) | 1.60 (1.17–2.19) |
| Black African | 399 (71.5) | 159 (28.5) | 2.22 (1.80–2.73) | 1.84 (1.32–2.56) |
| Black British | 126 (80.8) | 30 (19.2) | 1.26 (0.84–1.90) | 1.13 (0.73–1.75) |
| Asian | 364 (83.5) | 72 (16.5) | 1.10 (0.84–1.44) | 1.05 (0.74–1.48) |
| Mixed | 175 (81.4) | 40 (18.6) | 1.21 (0.84–1.73) | 1.14 (0.77–1.69) |
| Other | 1015 (91.0) | 100 (9.0) | 0.56 (0.44–0.70) | 0.61 (0.45–0.84) |
| Migration status (n = 2852) | ||||
| Non–migrant | 1455 (79.7) | 370 (20.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Migrant | 789 (76.8) | 238 (23.2) | 1.09 (0.92–1.28) | 1.03 (0.77–1.37) |
| Gender (n = 7206) | ||||
| Female | 3938 (88.2) | 529 (11.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Male | 2238 (81.7) | 501 (18.3) | 1.67 (1.46–1.90) | 1.56 (1.35–1.81) |
Frequencies and proportions were calculated using the original, non-imputed dataset. Odds ratios were calculated using the imputed dataset
aOutpatient services are the reference group. Emergency services were dropped from the analyses due to low cell sizes
bSecondary health services include A&E, other clinical speciality, and other mental health trust
cSocial/legal includes social services and police/courts
dModels adjusted for referral source, ethnicity, migration status, gender, household composition, year of referral, and CGAS score (continuous) for those aged 12–15 and 16–17 or HoNOS score (continuous) for those aged 18–29