Table 2.
Characteristics of individuals diagnosed with ADHD (total patient sample, n = 134) and the community comparison group (n = 268)
| Individuals with ADHD (n = 134) | Community comparison group (n = 268) | t/χ2 (df) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 34.1 ± 11.7 | 34.2 ± 11.3 | − 0.082 (399) | 0.935 |
| Gender (% female) | 35.1 | 39.0 | 0.493 (1) | 0.483 |
| Education (years) | 12.2 ± 2.3 | 12.5 ± 2.4 | − 1.046 (399) | 0.296 |
| ADHD symptom presentationa | 51/2/67/14 | – | – | – |
| Comorbidityb | 62/24/9/8/2/2/2/1/1/1 | – | – | – |
| Stimulant drug treatment (%yes) | 10.4 | – | – | – |
| Work statusc | 55.3/27.3/1.5/15.9 | 73.9/13.6/0/12.5 | 18.229 (3) | < 0.001* |
| CAARS-S:L—Inattention | 22.3 ± 6.7 | 7.5 ± 6.0 | 21.561 (399) | < 0.001* |
| CAARS-S:L—Hyperactivity | 18.3 ± 7.4 | 8.8 ± 6.2 | 12.737 (399) | < 0.001* |
| CAARS-S:L – Impulsivity | 19.7 ± 7.9 | 7.9 ± 6.8 | 14.698 (399) | < 0.001* |
| CAARS-S:L – ADHD Index | 21.7 ± 6.2 | 7.5 ± 5.9 | 21.967 (399) | < 0.001* |
| WFIRS – Work (mean score) | 1.24 ± 0.68 | 0.50 ± 0.62 | 10.258 (374) | < 0.001* |
| Item 1 (% ≥ 2) | 42.1 | 8.7 | 58.000 (1) | < 0.001* |
| Item 2 (% ≥ 2) | 55.0 | 11.7 | 79.195 (1) | < 0.001* |
| Item 3 (% ≥ 2) | 26.3 | 12.3 | 10.792 (1) | 0.001* |
| Item 4 (% ≥ 2) | 31.1 | 13.2 | 15.091 (1) | < 0.001* |
| Item 5 (% ≥ 2) | 20.0 | 11.4 | 4.325 (1) | 0.038 |
| Item 6 (% ≥ 2) | 30.8 | 11.5 | 20.014 (1) | < 0.001* |
| Item 7 (% ≥ 2) | 23.2 | 9.3 | 12.751 (1) | < 0.001* |
| Item 8 (% ≥ 2) | 27.8 | 7.8 | 25.577 (1) | < 0.001* |
| Item 9 (% ≥ 2) | 40.7 | 9.7 | 48.627 (1) | < 0.001* |
| Item 10 (% ≥ 2) | 69.2 | 16.6 | 99.759 (1) | < 0.001* |
| Item 11 (% ≥ 2) | 22.5 | 9.4 | 10.586 (1) | 0.001* |
CAARS Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale, WFIRS Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale
*Significant at p < 0.01
aInattentive presentation/hyperactive-impulsive presentation/combined presentation/not reported
bNumber of patients affected with one or more comorbid psychiatric disorders: Mood disorder/anxiety disorder/personality disorder/substance abuse/psychotic disorder/somatoform disorder/autism/eating disorder/sleep disorder/low intelligence
cIn paid work/in training or education/pensioned/unemployed