Table 4.

Characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis

Paper	AUC	Low grade	High grade	Data source	Sequences	Model	Validation
Chen et al.	0.93	12	18	Single institution	CE T1	LDA	CV
Chu et al.	0.95	24	4	Single institution	CE T1	Logistic regression	Test set
Hamerla et al.	0.97	102	45	Multicenter	CE T1+others	XGBoost	CV
Ke et al.	0.83	60	19	Multicenter	CE T1+others	SVM	CV + test set
Laukamp et al.	0.91	46	25	Multicenter	CE T1+others	Logistic regression	CV
Morin et al.	0.78	67	18	Multicenter	CE T1	RF	Test set
Yan et al.	0.87	110	21	Single institution	CE T1	SVM	CV
Zhu et al.	0.82	69	13	Single institution	CE T1	LDA	CV + test set

AUC area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, CE T1 contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sequence, LDA linear discriminant analysis, SVM support vector machine, RF random forest, CV cross validation