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. 2021 Jul 21;11:14917. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-94364-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells respond to nucleocapsid peptides in the SC versus IN prime study with SC or IN boost. ICS of IFN-γ; IFN-γ/TNF-α; and IFN-γ/TNF-α/IL-2 in response to S peptide pools 1 and 2 as well as the N peptide pool for CD4 + (a–c) and CD8 + (d–f) T cells is shown. Some outliers by the Grubb’s test were removed. SIV nef and media are negative controls. ELISpot for (g) IFN-γ and (h) IL-4 secretion in response to the peptide pools is shown. SIV nef is a negative control. (i) The IFN-γ/IL-4 ratios of > 1 (dashed line) show Th1 bias. Statistical analyses performed using One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-hoc comparison of each treatment group to untreated for each peptide pool was performed but did not reveal statistically significant differences due to individual variation among mice. For untreated n = 4, SC > SC n = 8; IN > IN n = 7, and SC > IN boost n = 8. Data graphed as the mean with SEM.