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. 2021 Jul 21;11:14859. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-94260-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Compression profile, applied voltage and (b) integrated X-Ray diffraction profiles from a 25 ms compression ramp of a Bi foil sample without a PTM. Data were collected using a 0.5 ms exposure time. The shaded regions in (a) indicate regions in which single-phase Bi patterns were observed, and the star indicates the first appearance of Bi-V. Although not all of the Bi Bragg reflections are observed due to preferred orientation of the highly textured Bi foil, the different high-pressure phases are easily identified due to the emergence of new peaks at the phase transition. In (b), Bi reflections are labelled with their Miller indices, and peaks from the Au pressure marker are marked with an asterisk. The pressure is determined from Au, which is known to underestimate the sample pressure in this loading configuration (Au between the Bi sample and the diamond anvil, see Supplementary Methods).