Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics of EMM and no EM patients at diagnosis (N = 357).
| MM without EMMn = 277 | MM with EMMn = 80 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, n (%) | |||
| Median (IQR) | 63 (55–69) | 61 (54–67.8) | 0.260 |
| ≤68 years | 206 (74.4) | 61 (76.3) | 0.733 |
| >68 years | 71 (25.6) | 19 (23.8) | |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.502 | ||
| Male | 151 (54.5) | 47 (58.8) | |
| Female | 126 (45.5) | 33 (41.2) | |
| Type of M protein, n (%) | 0.540 | ||
| IgA | 65 (23.5) | 18 (22.5) | |
| IgG | 131 (47.3) | 34 (42.5) | |
| IgD | 14 (5.1) | 7 (8.8) | |
| Light chain | 65 (23.5) | 19 (23.8) | |
| Biphenotypic | 2 (0.7) | 2 (2.5) | |
| LDH | |||
| Median (IQR) | 188 (151–230) | 200.5 (145.3–272.3) | 0.125 |
| Normal | 232 (83.8) | 54 (67.5) | 0.001 |
| Elevated | 45 (16.2) | 26 (32.5) | |
| D-S, n (%) | 0.094 | ||
| 1 + 2 | 57 (20.6) | 9 (11.3) | |
| 3A | 170 (61.4) | 59 (73.8) | |
| 3B | 50 (18.1) | 12 (15.0) | |
| ISS, n (%) | 0.132 | ||
| 1 | 77 (28.7) | 31(38.8) | |
| 2 | 90 (32.5) | 25 (31.3) | |
| 3 | 110 (39.7) | 24 (30.0) | |
| R-ISS, n (%) | 0.009 | ||
| 1 | 19 (7.9) | 15 (20.5) | |
| 2 | 148 (61.4) | 40 (54.8) | |
| 3 | 74 (31.7) | 18 (24.7) | |
| Unknow | 86 | 39 | |
| FISH | |||
| 1q gain/amp | 108 (51.7) | 27 (41.5) | 0.159 |
| Del 17p | 13 (6.2) | 2 (3.1) | 0.533 |
| Del 13q | 73 (34.9) | 15 (23.1) | 0.094 |
| 14q rearrangement | 74 (35.4) | 18 (27.7) | 0.294 |
| Unknow | 68 | 15 | |
| Bone marrow plasma cell percentage | |||
| Median (IQR) | 28.5 (15.3–45.8) | 22 (9.8–35.8) | 0.023 |
| ≤30% | 147 (53.1) | 51 (63.8) | 0.090 |
| >30% | 130 (46.9) | 29 (36.2) | |
| Spleen | 0.515 | ||
| Normal | 214 (77.3) | 59 (73.8) | |
| Enlarged | 63 (22.7) | 21 (26.3) | |
| Hb(g/L) | |||
| Median (IQR) | 92 (74.5–109) | 101 (85–124) | 0.002 |
| ≥10 | 101 (36.5) | 44 (55.7) | 0.002 |
| <10 | 176 (63.5) | 35 (44.3) | |
| Plt(× 109/L) | |||
| Median (IQR) | 172 (118–222) | 169 (125.5–214.5) | 0.866 |
| ≥150 | 168 (62.5) | 44 (57.1) | 0.399 |
| <150 | 101 (37.5) | 33 (42.9) | |
| CRP(g/L) | |||
| Median (IQR) | 2.1 (0.6–7.5) | 2.7 (1.1–10.4) | 0.115 |
| ≤8 | 193 (76.0) | 52 (69.3) | 0.247 |
| >8 | 61(24.0) | 23 (30.7) | |
| Therapy received | <0.001 | ||
| PD | 48 (17.3) | 9 (11.3) | |
| PAD | 18 (6.5) | 28 (35.0) | |
| PCD | 186 (67.1) | 37 (46.3) | |
| PTD or PRD | 25 (9.0) | 6 (7.5) | |
| ASCT | 0.404 | ||
| No | 242 (87.4) | 67 (83.8) | |
| Yes | 35 (12.6) | 13 (16.3) |
MM, multiple myeloma; EMM, extramedullary multiple myeloma; IQR, interquartile range; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; D-S, Durie-Salmon Staging; ISS, International Staging System; R-ISS, Revised International Staging System; FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridization; Hgb, hemoglobin; Plt, platelet; CRP, C-reaction protein; PD, bortezomib, dexamethasone; PCD, bortezomib, dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide; PAD, bortezomib, dexamethasone, adriamycin; PTD, bortezomib, dexamethasone, thalidomide; PRD, bortezomib, dexamethasone, lenalidomide; ASCT, Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.