Table 1.
Covariate distributions according to cervical cancer diagnosis status among 49,508 women participating in the Sister Study cohort (2003–2009) [Excluded if: withdrawn from study (n = 3), cervical cancer status unknown (n = 3), age at diagnosis unknown (n = 4 cases), diagnosed before age 13 (n = 1) or did not fill out questionnaire on use of genital talc or douching products (n = 1365)].
| Non-cases (n = 48,954) |
Pre-baseline cases (n = 523) | Incident cases (n = 31) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Baseline (years); mean (sd) | 55.7 (9.0) | 55.6 (8.5) | 54.0 (8.8) |
| Baseline BMI (kg/m2); mean (sd) | 27.8 (6.2) | 28.4 (7.2) | 28.3 (6.7) |
| BMI ages 30–39 (kg/m2); mean (sd) | 23.3 (4.0) | 23.1 (3.7) | 23.6 (4.3) |
| Age at menarche (years); mean (sd) | 12.6 (1.5) | 12.5 (1.6) | 13.2 (1.2) |
| Age at diagnosis (years); mean (sd) | 34.0 (9.2) | 59.1 (9.1) | |
| Race; N (%) | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 41,177 (84) | 447 (85) | 26 (84) |
| Non-Hispanic Black/African-American | 4140 (8) | 30 (6) | 5 (16) |
| Hispanic/Latina | 2361 (5) | 17 (3) | 0 (0) |
| Other | 1264 (3) | 29 (6) | 0 (0) |
| Childhood socioeconomic statusa; N (%) | |||
| Well off | 3107 (6) | 31 (6) | 2 (6) |
| Middle income | 29,175 (60) | 288 (55) | 20 (65) |
| Low income | 12,682 (26) | 151 (29) | 6 (19) |
| Poor | 3873 (8) | 53 (10) | 3 (10) |
| Education; N (%) | |||
| High school or less | 7542 (15) | 91 (17) | 5 (16) |
| Some college | 16,464 (34) | 226 (43) | 11 (35) |
| College graduate | 13,211 (27) | 110 (21) | 8 (26) |
| Graduate degree | 11,728 (24) | 96 (18) | 7 (23) |
| Marital status; N (%) | |||
| Never married | 2624 (5) | 31 (6) | 3 (10) |
| Married/living as married | 36,691 (75) | 362 (69) | 20 (65) |
| Divorced/widowed/separated | 9628 (20) | 130 (25) | 9 (26) |
| Pap smear in the year prior to enrollment; N (%) | 37,427 (77) | 398 (76) | 23 (74) |
| Age at menarche; N (%) | |||
| < 12 | 9992 (20) | 132 (25) | 4 (13) |
| 12–13 | 27,487 (56) | 269 (51) | 16 (52) |
| ≥ 14 | 11,432 (23) | 122 (23) | 11 (35) |
| Parity; N (%) | |||
| Nulliparous | 8867 (18) | 84 (16) | 3 (10) |
| 1 child | 7047 (14) | 94 (18) | 2 (6) |
| 2 children | 18,011 (37) | 185 (35) | 14 (45) |
| > 2 children | 14,999 (31) | 159 (30) | 12 (39) |
| Age at first pregnancy; N (%) | |||
| Nulligravid | 6145 (13) | 54 (10) | 1 (3) |
| < 20 | 9180 (19) | 157 (30) | 9 (29) |
| 20–24 | 17,049 (35) | 176 (34) | 13 (42) |
| 25–29 | 10,559 (22) | 86 (16) | 6 (19) |
| ≥ 30 | 5932 (12) | 49 (9) | 2 (6) |
| Induced abortion | 7533 (15) | 107 (21) | 10 (32) |
| Duration of hormonal birth control use; N (%) | |||
| Never user | 7431 (15) | 68 (13) | 2 (6) |
| 0–< 2 years | 7446 (15) | 73 (14) | 8 (26) |
| 2–< 10 years | 20,926 (43) | 238 (46) | 12 (39) |
| ≥ 10 years | 13,102 (27) | 144 (28) | 9 (29) |
| Alcohol use; N (%) | |||
| Never or former drinker | 9,320 (19) | 90 (17) | 4 (13) |
| Current drinker, < 1 drink/day | 32,999 (67) | 348 (67) | 22 (71) |
| Current drinker, ≥ 1 drink/day | 6616 (14) | 85 (16) | 5 (16) |
| Drinking regularly ≤ age 13 | 1988 (4) | 32 (6) | 5 (16) |
| Smoking; N (%) | |||
| Never | 27,575 (56) | 182 (35) | 10 (32) |
| Former | 17,449 (36) | 241 (46) | 16 (52) |
| Current | 3917 (8) | 100 (19) | 5 (16) |
| Started smoking ≤ age 13 | 1443 (3) | 45 (9) | 5 (16) |
| Weight relative to peers, age 10; N (%) | |||
| Lighter | 17,136 (35) | 183 (35) | 10 (32) |
| Same weight | 22,914 (47) | 226 (43) | 13 (42) |
| Heavier | 8873 (18) | 114 (22) | 8 (26) |
| Ever diagnosed with genital warts; N (%) | 2863 (6) | 82 (16) | 2 (6) |
| Age at diagnosis; mean (sd) | 28.9 (9.6) | 29.4 (10.3) | 42.0 (9.9) |
| Ever diagnosed with an STIb; N (%) | 5651 (12) | 88 (17) | 5 (16) |
| Age at diagnosis; mean (sd) | 29.2 (9.9) | 29.5 (11.7) | 29.2 (8.8) |
| Ever had PID; N (%) | 1742 (4) | 39 (7) | 1 (3) |
| Age at diagnosis; mean (sd) | 27.8 (8.0) | 27.9 (8.6) | 31.0 (0) |
| Postmenopausal; N (%) | 32,588 (67) | 352 (67) | 20 (65) |
| Hysterectomy; N (%) | 15,282 (31) | 348 (67) | 1 (3) |
| Oophorectomy; N (%) | 8842 (18) | 126 (24) | 2 (6) |
| Exposed to diethylstilbestrol in uteroc; N (%) | 1115 (2) | 32 (6) | 0 (0) |
| Family history of cervical cancerd; N (%) | 1854 (4) | 47 (9) | 3 (10) |
BMI body mass index, PID pelvic inflammatory disease.
Missing values: BMI (15 non-cases), BMI ages 30–39 (399 non-cases, 2 pre-baseline cases, 1 incident case), age at menarche (43 non-cases), race/ethnicity (12 non-cases), childhood socioeconomic status (117 non-cases), education (9 non-cases), marital status (11 non-cases), Pap smear in the year prior to enrollment (37 non-cases, 2 pre-baseline cases), parity (30 non-cases, 1 pre-baseline case), age at first pregnancy (89 non-cases, 1 pre-baseline case), induced abortion (30 non-cases), duration of hormonal contraceptive use (49 non-cases), alcohol use (19 non-cases), started drinking alcohol regularly, age 13 (16 non-cases), smoking status (13 non-cases), started smoking ≤ age 13 (16 non-cases), weight relative to peers (31 non-cases), ever had genital warts (34 non-cases, 2 pre-baseline cases), ever had an STI (119 non-cases, 1 pre-baseline case), ever had PID (77 non-cases, 1 pre-baseline case), hysterectomy (23 non-cases), oophorectomy (75 non-cases, 2 pre-baseline cases).
aDefined as family’s income level during the majority of time growing up.
bSTI = sexually transmitted infection, here defined as self-reported gonorrhea, herpes, chlamydia.
cIf responded that mother “definitely” or “probably” took diethylstilbestrol; all others assumed to be unexposed.
dHad at least one first degree relative with cervical cancer (sister, mother, daughter).