Table 3.
Overview of the brain-PAD associations with predictors of Interest.
| Assessment | Predictor | b (years) | SE | t value | P | PFDR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical | Depressive symptom severity | 0.07 | 0.03 | 2.16 | 0.03 | 0.16 |
| Anxiety symptom severity | 0.11 | 0.04 | 2.50 | 0.01 | 0.11 | |
| Mood/cognition symptoms | 0.89 | 0.81 | 1.10 | 0.27 | 0.50 | |
| Somatic depression symptoms | 4.03 | 1.04 | 3.87 | <0.00001 | 0.003 | |
| Immunometabolic symptoms | 0.45 | 0.92 | 0.49 | 0.62 | 0.73 | |
| Childhood trauma index | 0.23 | 0.20 | 1.13 | 0.26 | 0.50 | |
| Negative life events | 0.35 | 0.41 | 0.86 | 0.39 | 0.63 | |
| Within patients | Antidepressant use | −2.58 | 1.02 | −2.54 | 0.01 | 0.11 |
| Duration of depressive symptoms (proportion of time in the past 4 years) | −0.20 | 1.97 | −0.10 | 0.92 | 0.95 | |
| Duration of anxiety symptoms (proportion of time in the past 4 years) | −0.88 | 1.55 | −0.56 | 0.57 | 0.73 | |
| Age of onset of depression (years) | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.61 | 0.55 | 0.73 | |
| Age of onset of anxiety (years) | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.93 | 0.95 | |
| Somatic health | BMI (kg/m2) | 0.23 | 0.10 | 2.31 | 0.02 | 0.14 |
| Number of somatic diseases | 1.29 | 0.72 | 1.79 | 0.08 | 0.30 | |
| Lifestyle | Alcohol (mean drinks per week) | −0.09 | 0.07 | −1.33 | 0.19 | 0.49 |
| Smoking (cigarettes per day) | −0.07 | 0.05 | −1.26 | 0.21 | 0.50 | |
| Physical exercise (MET-minutes) | −0.06 | 0.13 | −0.48 | 0.63 | 0.73 | |
| Inflammation | CRP (mg/l) | 0.57 | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.46 | 0.70 |
| TNF-α (pg/ml) | 0.10 | 1.65 | 0.06 | 0.95 | 0.95 | |
| IL6 (pg/ml) | 0.60 | 0.98 | 0.61 | 0.54 | 0.73 | |
| ANS | Resting HR (bpm) | 0.08 | 0.05 | 1.51 | 0.13 | 0.42 |
| RSA (ms) | −0.01 | 0.02 | −0.46 | 0.65 | 0.73 | |
| PEP (ms) | −0.04 | 0.03 | −1.45 | 0.15 | 0.43 | |
| HPA-axis | AUCi (nmol/l/hr) | −0.23 | 0.12 | −1.89 | 0.06 | 0.26 |
| AUCg (nmol/l/hr) | −0.11 | 0.11 | −0.99 | 0.33 | 0.57 | |
| Evening (nmol/l) | 0.33 | 0.29 | 1.15 | 0.26 | 0.50 |
Age, sex, education level (years) and two dummy variables for scan location were included in all models. BMI Body Mass Index, MET-minutes Metabolic Equivalents, CRP C-reactive protein, TNF-α Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, IL6 Interleukin-6, ANS autonomic nervous system, HR heart rate, RSA respiratory sinus arrhythmia, PEP pre-ejection period, AUCi cortisol awakening response: area under the curve with respect to the increase, AUCg cortisol awakening response: area under the curve with respect to the ground, Evening Evening Cortisol. Bold p-values indicate significance at the p < 0.05 level.