Table 2.

Differential metabolites in the serum between the antenatal depression (AD) and antenatal depression (NAD) groups.

Metabolites name	HMDB	Class	RT	VIP	Q	FC	ESI+/−
l-Glutamic acid	HMDB0000148	Amino acids	418.1460	1.71	2.85E-03	0.36	–
l-Phenylalanine	HMDB0000159	Amino acids	277.3210	1.65	7.01E-03	0.65	–
l-Serine	HMDB0000187	Amino acids	392.1675	1.05	3.62E-03	0.56	+
N-acetyl-l-phenylalanine	HMDB0000512	Amino acids	209.5230	1.34	1.23E-02	0.65	–
Phenylacetylglycine	HMDB0000821	Amino acids	207.9650	1.28	1.51E-02	0.60	–
l-Norleucine	HMDB0001645	Amino acids	283.8880	1.21	1.17E-02	0.76	–
4-Guanidinobutanoic acid	HMDB0003464	Amino acids	375.5550	1.50	4.25E-03	0.68	+
Arginyl–valine	HMDB0028722	Amino acids	372.8890	1.39	2.68E-02	1.71	+
Asparaginyl–arginine	HMDB0028725	Amino acids	442.1130	1.13	1.13E-02	0.04	+
Glycyl–histidine	HMDB0028843	Amino acids	378.3465	1.48	2.01E-03	0.56	+
Glycyl–valine	HMDB0028854	Amino acids	325.7460	1.66	1.97E-03	0.05	+
Histidinyl–serine	HMDB0028894	Amino acids	381.3160	1.88	3.29E-03	0.14	+
Isoleucyl–leucine	HMDB0028911	Amino acids	212.4180	1.52	1.06E-02	0.10	+
Isoleucyl–phenylalanine	HMDB0028914	Amino acids	201.7700	1.33	2.61E-02	0.59	+
Phenylalanyl–threonine	HMDB0029005	Amino acids	249.9295	1.15	1.45E-02	0.18	+
Ustiloxin D	HMDB0041054	Amino acids	287.7010	1.56	1.82E-03	0.18	+
Apo-[3-methylcrotonoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)]	HMDB0059607	Amino acids	330.6840	1.15	1.84E-02	0.66	+
L-Hexanoylcarnitine	HMDB0000756	Fatty acids	245.3005	1.81	3.74E-02	1.75	+
Valeric acid	HMDB0000892	Fatty acids	101.1280	2.19	8.27E-03	0.02	–
Leukotriene B4	HMDB0001085	Fatty acids	130.4530	1.75	1.76E-02	0.04	–
2-Ethyl-2-hydroxybutyric acid	HMDB0001975	Fatty acids	60.9493	1.03	1.79E-03	0.15	+
Prostaglandin F3a	HMDB0002122	Fatty acids	94.5208	1.57	1.47E-02	0.09	–
Dodecanoylcarnitine	HMDB0002250	Fatty acids	207.0170	1.84	3.04E-02	1.79	+
2-Hydroxymyristic acid	HMDB0002261	Fatty acids	96.1171	1.26	2.46E-02	0.59	–
2,3-Dinor-6-keto-prostaglandin F1 a	HMDB0002277	Fatty acids	93.0783	1.99	7.58E-03	0.26	–
Prostaglandin A2	HMDB0002752	Fatty acids	95.3174	1.72	9.05E-03	0.18	–
9-OxoODE	HMDB0004669	Fatty acids	50.8466	1.31	1.30E-02	0.21	–
Lipoxin B4	HMDB0005082	Fatty acids	76.4873	1.62	1.53E-02	0.02	–
2,6 Dimethylheptanoyl carnitine	HMDB0006320	Fatty acids	218.7390	1.55	1.11E-02	1.51	+
5-HETE	HMDB0011134	Fatty acids	66.1814	1.50	7.89E-03	0.03	–
Aeglin	HMDB0041415	Fatty acids	287.5830	1.62	1.82E-03	0.14	+
Glycerol tripropanoate	HMDB0032857	Complex lipids	62.0970	1.16	1.76E-03	0.19	+
Glycerophosphocholine	HMDB0000086	Complex lipids	403.3310	1.14	6.96E-03	0.44	+
PC (16:0/16:0)	HMDB0000564	Complex lipids	167.0810	2.68	6.33E-06	1.50	+
LysoPC [P-18:1(9Z)]	HMDB0010408	Complex lipids	207.1765	1.17	7.86E-03	0.53	+
2-Ketobutyric acid	HMDB0000005	Compounds	245.6895	1.71	7.64E-03	0.61	–
Betaine	HMDB0000043	Compounds	291.2530	1.25	3.18E-02	1.18	+
Citric acid	HMDB0000094	Compounds	276.0380	1.31	2.58E-03	0.64	+
Choline	HMDB0000097	Compounds	263.6560	1.08	9.27E-03	0.61	+
Hypoxanthine	HMDB0000157	Compounds	182.1340	1.01	2.50E-02	0.67	+
Succinic acid	HMDB0000254	Compounds	411.6870	1.50	1.17E-02	0.80	–
Uridine	HMDB0000296	Compounds	172.8320	1.42	2.22E-02	0.82	–
3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid	HMDB0000491	Compounds	41.3037	1.12	3.24E-02	0.77	–
Hydroxypyruvic acid	HMDB0001352	Compounds	417.1300	1.72	1.17E-02	0.76	–
Calcitriol	HMDB0001903	Compounds	33.4882	1.05	1.76E-03	0.27	+
Formylanthranilic acid	HMDB0004089	Compounds	92.6308	1.64	8.80E-03	0.17	–
Nivalenol	HMDB0004304	Compounds	283.5380	1.35	2.52E-03	0.40	+
20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid	HMDB0005998	Compounds	52.5070	1.20	1.75E-02	0.15	–
Disialosyl galactosyl globoside	HMDB0006588	Compounds	506.8550	1.25	3.27E-03	0.35	+
1-Pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid	HMDB0006875	Compounds	339.6700	1.23	4.04E-03	0.52	+
1-Pyrroline	HMDB0012497	Compounds	330.0500	1.07	2.69E-02	0.87	+
Bortezomib	HMDB0014334	Compounds	287.3350	1.48	3.15E-03	0.25	–
Mitomycin	HMDB0014450	Compounds	189.6270	1.24	1.17E-02	0.56	+
Tamsulosin	HMDB0014844	Compounds	76.5542	1.54	1.75E-03	0.05	+
Fludarabine	HMDB0015206	Compounds	201.1370	1.44	2.28E-02	0.96	+
3-Feruloyl-1,5-quinolactone	HMDB0029289	Compounds	189.9265	1.35	4.78E-03	0.41	+
Ceanothine E	HMDB0029342	Compounds	105.3030	1.53	1.80E-03	0.01	+
1-Methyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene	HMDB0031532	Compounds	31.8345	1.10	1.56E-02	0.76	+
Acrylic acid	HMDB0031647	Compounds	72.0964	1.94	1.45E-02	0.65	–
1,9-Nonanedithiol	HMDB0031710	Compounds	249.6605	1.29	3.97E-02	1.13	+
d-2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid	HMDB0031818	Compounds	328.6070	1.86	2.52E-03	0.51	–
3-(1,1-Dimethylallyl)scopoletin 7-glucoside	HMDB0032853	Compounds	286.8130	1.41	1.92E-03	0.26	+
Honyucitrin	HMDB0033536	Compounds	286.8160	1.19	2.00E-03	0.32	+
Ssioriside	HMDB0038934	Compounds	287.6650	1.38	2.33E-03	0.06	+
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethyl)-6-epi-elenaiate	HMDB0039137	Compounds	285.0410	1.03	2.47E-03	0.33	+
Kanzonol I	HMDB0040606	Compounds	82.8688	1.25	1.73E-03	0.04	+
1-O-2′-Hydroxy-4′-methoxycinnamoyl-b-d-glucose	HMDB0040866	Compounds	190.0090	1.68	2.66E-03	0.50	+
Foeniculoside VII	HMDB0041546	Compounds	71.7108	1.15	1.74E-03	0.13	+
Sofalcone	HMDB0042013	Compounds	287.6165	1.39	1.82E-03	0.24	+
Acetone cyanohydrin	HMDB0060427	Compounds	375.5790	1.50	2.28E-03	0.75	+
N-acetylmuramoyl-ala	HMDB0060494	Compounds	71.9356	1.24	1.84E-03	0.09	+
α-Hydroxytamoxifen	HMDB0060585	Compounds	424.0660	1.70	2.11E-02	1.94	+
Diethyl phthalic acid	HMDB0094660	Compounds	69.2197	1.79	1.78E-02	0.07	–
Cholesterol	HMDB0000067	Steroids	30.9224	1.03	1.58E-03	0.15	+
Cholesta-4,6-dien-3-one	HMDB0002394	Steroids	31.8528	1.49	1.44E-03	0.43	+
Tetrahydroaldosterone-3-glucuronide	HMDB0010357	Steroids	96.0803	1.16	1.74E-03	0.02	+
Betamethasone	HMDB0014586	Steroids	77.2825	1.25	1.75E-03	0.05	+
Fluocinolone acetonide	HMDB0014729	Steroids	82.5630	1.30	1.79E-03	0.03	+
Desglucocheirotoxin	HMDB0034362	Steroids	433.7785	1.71	8.73E-03	1.76	+

^aMetabolites with VIP >1.0 and Q < 0.05 were deemed statistically different. The q value column was based on non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test and Benjamini–Hochberg correction of the normalized MS data.

^bThe FC was calculated by the average mass response (area) ratio (FC = AD/NAD).

ESI, electrospray ionization; VIP, importance in the projection; FC, fold change; Rt, retention time.