Table 5.

Students’ challenges

Initial codes	Number of references	Main themes
- Too long/time-consuming - Finding time to watch	27	The time-related issue in pre-week videos
- Short attempts in quiz - Hard to remember for the quiz: remembering to do a quiz on time - Not relevant to quiz: video and quiz does not match - Cannot solve the problem right away/not being able to ask questions until lecture	22	Quiz-related
- Hard to identify the topic: fixing the title - No title - Audio recording needs improving - Due date - Thorough layout of information	6	Structure-related
- Difficult to understand/confusing when it goes in depth, not easily digestible - Focused on too much information - Too much theory	4	Content-related