Table 5.
Mean and standard deviations (in parenthesis) of the controlled variables across targets' gender values for all the experimental pictures in Experiment 2.
| Masculine | Feminine | |
|---|---|---|
| FpM (log) | 3.02 (0.49) | 2.95 (0.49) |
| PN | 3.42 (5.98) | 5.46 (6.07) |
| ON | 3.42 (5.29) | 5.67 (7.15) |
| L | 6.58 (2.01) | 6.38 (1.57) |
| MLBF | 2.45 (0.44) | 2.45 (0.49) |
| VC | 16067.79 (5355.32) | 18857.88 (7939.83) |
| GoD | 5.95 (0.59) | 6.08 (0.44) |
| I | 5.88 (0.93) | 6.00 (0.34) |
| C | 6.44 (0.78) | 6.58 (0.18) |
FpM (log), Frequency per million (Log10). Obtained from the SubtLex-PT database (Soares et al., 2015). PN, Phonological number of neighbors (N); ON, Orthographic number of neighbors (N); L, Length (in letters); MLBF, Mean log bigram frequency. All obtained from the P-PAL database (Soares et al., 2018). VC, Visual complexity; GoD, Goodness-of-depiction. All obtained from International Picture Naming Project (IPNP) database (Szekely et al., 2004). I, Imageability; C, Concreteness. Obtained from the Minho Word Pool database (Soares et al., 2017). The mean values for imageability and concreteness were calculated using 85% of the target nouns, as the rest of nouns were not available in the database.