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Gradual shift causality outcomes.
| Dependent Variable | CO2 | GDP | GDP2 | URB | HYDRO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO2 | 1 | 20.070 * | 18.622 * | 7.4364 | 14.310 ** |
| GDP | 16.563 ** | 1 | 15.904 ** | 11.040 | 22.277 * |
| GDP2 | 2.8363 | 16.224 ** | 1 | 14.945 ** | 23.781 * |
| URB | 59.597 * | 13.566 *** | 13.550 ** | 1 | 38.204 * |
| HYDRO | 21.584 * | 23.651 * | 17.812 ** | 8.176028 | 1 |
Note: 1%, 5%, and 10% levels of significance are illustrated by *, **, and ***, respectively.
