TABLE 1.
Studies comparing serum IL-10 (pg/mL) or TNFα (pg/mL) levels or their ratio in 1st-trimester normal pregnancy and pregnancy loss
| Reference | Groups compared | Controls/ Losses |
Blood drawn | Gestational age |
Controls |
Cases |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | Median | Range | Mean | Median | Range | Method | |||||
| IL-10 | |||||||||||
| Jenkins et al15 | Healthy women—Normal outcome vs loss | 10/10 | Before loss | 5-10 | 121 ± 38 (SD) | - | - | 102 ± 54 (SD) | - | - | ELISA |
| Jenkins et al15a | RPL patients—Normal outcome vs loss | 5/5 | Before loss | 5-10 | 175 | - | 80-340 | 55 | - | 30-80 | ELISA |
| Barrientos et al23a | Healthy women—Normal outcome vs loss | 42/42 | Before loss | 4-12 | 11 ± 15 (SEM) | - | - | 5 ± 6 (SEM) | - | - | ELISA |
| Calleja-Agius et al17a,b | lst-trimester bleeding — Normal outcome vs loss | 27/53 | Before loss | 7-10 | 4.5 | - | - | 1.5 | - | - | Multiplex |
| Vassiliadis et al20 | Healthy women—Normal outcome vs loss | 19/19 | After loss | <13 | 770 ± 70 (SEM) | - | - | 860 ± 60 (SEM) | - | - | ELISA |
| Paradisi et al19a | Healthy women—Normal outcome vs loss | 14/14 | After loss | 8-11 | 4.4 ± 1.4 (SD) | - | 2-7.5 | 2.0 ± 1.1 (SD) | - | 1-5 | ELISA |
| Calleja-Agius et al18a,c | Healthy women—Normal outcome vs loss | 8/11 | After loss | <13 | - | 4.5 | 0-15 | - | 3.5 | 0-12.5 | Multiplex |
| Verma et al22 | Healthy women—Normal outcome vs loss | 20/20 | After loss | 7-12 | 16.56 ± 2.015 (SD) | - | 6-33 | 17.41 ± 1.14 (SD) | - | 10-34 | Multiplex |
| TNFα | |||||||||||
| Barrientos et al23a | Healthy women—Normal outcome vs loss | 42/42 | Before loss | 4-12 | 18 ± 18 (SEM) | - | - | 18 ± 15 (SEM) | - | - | ELISA |
| Calleja-Agius et al17a,b | lst-trimester bleeding—Normal outcome vs loss | 27/53 | Before loss | 7-10 | 2.5 | - | - | 1.5 | - | - | Multiplex |
| Freis et al21 | IVF patients—Normal outcome vs loss | 22/17 | Before loss | 5 | 5.00 ± 0.26 (SEM) | - | - | 5.11 ± 0.40 | - | - | Multiplex |
| Calleja-Agius et al18a | Healthy women—Normal outcome vs loss | 8/11 | After loss | <13 | - | 4.5 | 0.5-6.5 | 0.5 | - | 0.5-13 | Multiplex |
| Verma et al22 | Healthy women—Normal outcome vs loss | 20/20 | After loss | 7-12 | 91.84 ± 16.01 (SD) | - | 10-320 | 127.0 ± 9.19 | - | 70-230 | Multiplex |
a
These studies only displayed values graphically, values estimated from figures.
b
This study reported the mean TNFα:IL-10 ratio for normal pregnancy (1) and women who miscarried later (4).
c
This study reports an elevated TNFα:IL-10 ratio in pregnancies that had miscarried, no value given.