Table 2.
Details of quality evaluation via the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.
| References | Representativeness of the exposed cohort | Selection of the non-exposed cohort | Ascertainment of exposure | Outcome not present at baseline | Control for age and sex | Control for other confounding factors | Assessment of outcome | Enough long follow-up duration | Adequacy of follow-up of cohorts | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gates et al. (1996) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 7 |
| Gates et al. (2002) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 8 |
| Gates et al. (2011) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| Lin et al. (2011) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Gallacher et al. (2012) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Gurgel et al. (2014) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Golub et al. (2017) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Deal et al. (2017) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Amieva et al. (2018) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Ford et al. (2018) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Vassilaki et al. (2019) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Osler et al. (2019) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Brenowitz et al. (2019) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Brewster et al. (2021) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |