Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of demographic and physical characteristics, habitual physical activity parameter, depression, and cognitive function.
| Variable | Intervention Group (n = 13) |
Control Group (n = 13) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||
| Age (years) | 70.23 ± 7.47 | 71.77 ± 5.53 | 0.73 |
| Male, n (%) | 4(30.8%) | 4(30.8%) | 1.00 |
| Educational level (years) | 7.23 ± 4.04 | 7.38 ± 3.33 | 0.65 |
| Job sequences, n (%) | 1(7.7%) | 1(7.7%) | 1.00 |
| Smoking (yes), n (%) | 0(0%) | 1(7.7%) | 1.00 |
| Alcohol consumption (yes), n (%) | 4(30.8%) | 2(15.4%) | 0.65 |
| Physical characteristics | |||
| Height (m) | 1.56 ± 0.09 | 1.55 ± 0.08 | 0.42 |
| Weight (kg) | 55.98 ± 7.48 | 55.85 ± 5.53 | 0.29 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.05 ± 2.16 | 23.18 ± 1.89 | 0.37 |
| Waist hip ratio | 0.86 ± 0.05 | 0.88 ± 0.05 | 0.72 |
| Fat (%) | 31.58 ± 11.40 | 30.54 ± 6.71 | 0.17 |
| Lean body mass (kg) | 38.58 ± 9.10 | 38.72 ± 5.70 | 0.11 |
| ASMI (kg/m2) | 6.36 ± 1.38 | 6.72 ± 1.27 | 0.49 |
| Habitual physical activity parameters | |||
| MVPA (min/day) | 23.83 ± 19.09 | 18.61 ± 16.07 | 0.60 |
| Step count (steps/day) | 7543 ± 3150 | 6592 ± 2961 | 0.87 |
| Depression and Cognitive function | |||
| SGDS-K (score) | 5.54 ± 4.27 | 4.23 ± 3.35 | 0.09 |
| K-MMSE (score) | 25.77 ± 2.31 | 25.00 ± 2.58 | 0.86 |
| Modified ADAS-cog (score) | 24.08 ± 7.75 | 28.54 ± 8.41 | 0.65 |
Variables are means ± SD. ASMI: appendicular skeletal muscle mass index; MVPA: moderate to vigorous physical activity; SGDS-K: Korean version of geriatric depression scale-short form; K-MMSE: Korean version of mini mental state examination; ADAS-cog: Alzheimer`s disease assessment scale-cognitive.