. 2021 Jun 9;18(12):6240. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18126240

Table 3.

The changes in depression and cognitive function between the groups at baseline and after 12 weeks.

Variable	Group	Baseline	12 Weeks	% Diff	p-Value (Interaction)
SGDS-K (score)	Intervention	5.54 ± 4.27	4.38 ± 4.01	−20.94 *	0.01
SGDS-K (score)	Control	4.23 ± 3.35	6.31 ± 4.44	49.17 *	0.01
K-MMSE (score)	Intervention	25.77 ± 2.31	25.69 ± 2.53	−0.31	0.72
K-MMSE (score)	Control	25.00 ± 2.58	24.62 ± 2.18	−1.52	0.72
Modified ADAS-cog (score)	Intervention	24.08 ± 7.75	22.23 ± 8.60	−7.68 *	0.11
Modified ADAS-cog (score)	Control	28.54 ± 8.41	29.00 ± 7.90	1.61	0.11
Mean TMT-A (s/letter)	Intervention	2.74 ± 1.26	2.01 ± 0.95	−26.64 *	<0.05
Mean TMT-A (s/letter)	Control	2.19 ± 0.95	2.42 ± 1.41	10.50 *	<0.05
Mean TMT-B (s/letter)	Intervention	3.80 ± 1.46	2.40 ± 1.19	−36.84 *	0.01
Mean TMT-B (s/letter)	Control	2.79 ± 0.91	3.17 ± 1.25	13.62 *	0.01
Mean DSST	Intervention	30.67 ± 3.10	37.08 ± 3.45	20.90 *	0.02
Mean DSST	Control	29.62 ± 3.98	28.46 ± 3.96	−3.92	0.02

Variables are means ± SD. SGDS-K: Korean version of geriatric depression scale-short form; K-MMSE: Korean version of mini mental state examination; ADAS-cog: Alzheimer`s disease assessment scale-cognitive; TMT: trail-making test; DSST: digit symbol substitution test. Significantly different from baseline compared to 12 weeks: * p < 0.05.