Table 3.
Unadjusted and adjusted GLMs analyses of COVID-19 knowledge together with media exposure and increase in substance use during the pandemic (n = 1213).
| Variable | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OR | Cable News | Social Media | |
| (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| COVID-19 Knowledge—Cable News Consumption | |||
| HK–LCC (Ref) | - | - | - |
| HK–MCC | 2.64 (1.19–6.69) ** | 3.42 (1.16–7.44) * | - |
| HK–HCC | 3.35 (1.56–8.30) ** | 4.56 (1.66–10.15) ** | - |
| LK–LCC | 2.15 (0.80–6.12) | 2.94 (0.93–8.29) | - |
| LK–MCC | 5.06 (2.29–12.82) *** | 5.77 (2.06–13.49) ** | - |
| LK–HCC | 11.41 (5.40–28.11) *** | 11.64 (4.01–24.45) *** | - |
| COVID-19 Knowledge—Social Media Consumption | |||
| HK–LSMC (Ref) | - | - | - |
| HK–MSMC | 3.48 (1.63–7.90) ** | - | 2.93 (1.25–7.48) * |
| HK–HSMC | 4.90 (2.54–10.43) *** | - | 4.85 (2.31–11.4) ** |
| LK–LSMC | 2.40 (0.89–6.31) * | - | 2.65 (0.82–7.31) |
| LK–MSMC | 6.38 (2.99–14.53) *** | - | 5.56 (2.21–13.81) *** |
| LK–HSMC | 11.02 (5.82–23.16) *** | - | 9.91 (4.71–23.61) *** |
| Political Orientation | |||
| Liberal (Ref) | - | - | - |
| Moderate | 0.76 (0.45–1.26) | 0.75 (0.44–1.25) | 0.69 (0.40–1.14) |
| Conservative | 1.32 (0.90–1. 94) | 1.18 (0.80–1.74) | 1.21 (0.82–1.78) |
| Age Group | |||
| 18–39 (Ref) | - | - | |
| 40–59 | 1.33 (0.91–1.31) | 1.49 (1.02–2.1) ** | 1.68 (1.15–2.47) * |
| 60 and over | 0.33 (0.18–0.57) *** | 0.51 (0.27–0.93) ** | 0.78 (0.40–1.42) |
| Gender | - | ||
| Female (Ref) | - | - | - |
| Male | 1.39 (1.02–1.90) * | 1.46 (0.99–2.15) | 1.49 (1.02–2.19) * |
| Race | - | ||
| Non-White (Ref) | - | - | |
| White | 0.82 (0.60–1.13) | 0.85 (0.58–1.27) | 0.90 (0.60–1.34) |
| Rurality | |||
| Isolated (Ref) | - | - | |
| Large rural | 0.89 (0.26–3.57) | 1.02 (0.23–5.51) | 1.24 (0.30–6.45) |
| Small rural | 0.51 (0.17–1.91) | 0.47 (0.12–2.37) | 0.57 (0.15–2.76) |
| Urban | 1.02 (0.37–3.56) | 0.99 (0.28–4.67) | 1.17 (0.35–3.56) |
| Income | |||
| <$49,999 (Ref) | - | - | |
| $49,999–$74,999 | 0.66 (0.43–1.02) * | 0.79 (0.49–1.30) | 0.75 (0.46–1.23) |
| >$75,000 | 1.63 (1.11–2.41) ** | 1.31 (0.81–2.14) | 1.27 (0.79–2.08) |
| Education Level | |||
| Higher Education (Ref) | - | - | |
| High School Diploma or less | 0.70 (0.47–1.02) * | 0.90 (0.56–1.42) | 0.85 (0.53–1.32) |
Notes: LK: low COVID-19 knowledge; HK: high COVID-19 knowledge; LCC: low cable news consumption; MCC: mid cable news consumption; HCC: high cable news consumption; LSMC: low social media consumption; MSMC: mid social media consumption; HSMC: high social media consumption; OR: odds ratio; *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05.