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. 2021 Jun 16;18(12):6492. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18126492

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Urinary metabolites of PAHs after different exposure scenarios. Average and standard deviation of the urinary metabolites 2-Nap (A), 2,3-OH-Flu (B), 2,3-OH-Phe (C), 1-OH-Phe (D), 4-OH-Phe (E), and 1-OH-Pyr (F) from 18 volunteers after exposure to: filtered air (FA), HVO exhaust from a modern non-road vehicle with exhaust aftertreatment (HVO_NOx) and without exhaust aftertreatment (HVO_PM+NOx), as well as petroleum diesel exhaust (Diesel_PM). Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon signed rank test. No significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between any of the exposure scenarios, including FA and the particle control (Salt_PM). All data are presented in Table S3.