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. 2021 Jun 16;18(12):6492. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18126492

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Urinary VOC metabolites, as well as 8oxodG and 4-HNE-MA, after different exposure scenarios. Average and standard deviation of the urinary biomarkers 4-MHA (A), BMA (B), PMA (C), 3-HPMA (D), 8-oxodG (E), and 4-HNE-MA (F) from 18 volunteers after exposure to: filtered air (FA), HVO exhaust from a modern non-road vehicle with exhaust aftertreatment (HVONOx) and without exhaust aftertreatment (HVOPM+NOx), as well as petroleum diesel exhaust (DieselPM). Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon signed rank test (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, different from t = 0 h). No significant difference was observed between FA and the particle control exposure (SaltPM). All data are presented in Table S3.