Table 5.
Pearson product–moment correlation analysis of attitudes toward aging, sense of hope, and hand–eye coordination.
| Pretest Correlation Coefficient (r Value) of the Control Group | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| 1. Attitudes toward aging | 1 | ||||||||
| 2. Psychosocial loss | 0.068 | 1 | |||||||
| 3. Physical change | 0.771 ** | −0.382 * | 1 | ||||||
| 4. Psychological growth | 0.622 ** | −0.609 ** | 0.564 ** | 1 | |||||
| 5. Sense of hope | −0.043 | 0.086 | 0.043 | −0.192 | 1 | ||||
| 6. Inner sense of temporality and future | 0.24 | 0.125 | 0.087 | −0.179 | 0.951 ** | 1 | |||
| 7. Inner positive readiness and expectancy | −0.034 | 0.059 | 0.068 | −0.173 | 0.922 ** | 0.836 ** | 1 | ||
| 8. Interconnectedness with self and others | −0.126 | 0.047 | −0.054 | −0.177 | 0.864** | 0.753 ** | 0.662 ** | 1 | |
| 9. Hand–eye coordination | −0.307 * | −0.051 | −0.193 | −0.200 | −0.002 | −0.009 | −0.010 | 0.015 | 1 |
| First Posttest Correlation Coefficient (r Value) of the Control Group | |||||||||
| 1. Attitudes toward aging | 1 | ||||||||
| 2. Psychosocial loss | 0.319 * | 1 | |||||||
| 3. Physical change | 0.615 ** | −0.467 ** | 1 | ||||||
| 4. Psychological growth | 0.549 ** | −0.525 ** | 0.711** | 1 | |||||
| 5. Sense of hope | −0.082 | 0.035 | −0.106 | −0.081 | 1 | ||||
| 6. Inner sense of temporality and future | −0.036 | −0.023 | −0.036 | −0.013 | 0.840 ** | 1 | |||
| 7. Inner positive readiness and expectancy | −0.087 | 0.068 | −0.128 | −0.118 | 0.951 ** | 0.668 ** | 1 | ||
| 8. Interconnectedness with self and others | −0.099 | 0.039 | −0.117 | −0.105 | 0.930 ** | 0.652 ** | 0.890 ** | 1 | |
| 9. Hand–eye coordination | −0.310 * | −0.219 | −0.096 | −0.084 | 0.084 | −0.044 | 0.153 | 0.097 | 1 |
| Follow-Up Test Correlation Coefficient (r Value) of the Control Group | |||||||||
| 1. Attitudes toward aging | 1 | ||||||||
| 2. Psychosocial loss | 0.139 | 1 | |||||||
| 3. Physical change | 0.843 ** | −0.330 * | 1 | ||||||
| 4. Psychological growth | 0.815 ** | −0.385 * | 0.831 ** | 1 | |||||
| 5. Sense of hope | 0.115 | −0.053 | 0.139 | 0.118 | 1 | ||||
| 6. Inner sense of temporality and future | 0.154 | −0.059 | 0.145 | 0.187 | 0.865 ** | 1 | |||
| 7. Inner positive readiness and expectancy | 0.097 | −0.080 | 0.177 | 0.074 | 0.8311 ** | 0.536 ** | 1 | ||
| 8. Interconnectedness with self and others | 0.038 | 0.001 | 0.042 | 0.025 | 0.891 ** | 0.636 ** | 0.685 ** | 1 | |
| 9. Hand–eye coordination | −0.367 * | −0.236 | −0.162 | −0.268 | 0.013 | −0.064 | 0.186 | −0.053 | 1 |
| Pretest Correlation Coefficient (r Value) of the Experimental Group | |||||||||
| 1. Attitudes toward aging | 1 | ||||||||
| 2. Psychosocial loss | 0.390 ** | 1 | |||||||
| 3. Physical change | 0.744 ** | −0.196 | 1 | ||||||
| 4. Psychological growth | 0.464 ** | −0.487** | 0.520 ** | 1 | |||||
| 5. Sense of hope | 0.144 | 0.109 | −0.016 | 0.140 | 1 | ||||
| 6. Inner sense of temporality and future | 0.157 | 0.105 | 0.011 | 0.187 | 0.950 ** | 1 | |||
| 7. Inner positive readiness and expectancy | 0.161 | 0.140 | 0.026 | 0.076 | 0.930 ** | 0.826 ** | 1 | ||
| 8. Interconnectedness with self and others | 0.063 | 0.040 | 0.042 | 0.193 | 0.882 ** | 0.796 ** | 0.701 ** | 1 | |
| 9. Hand–eye coordination | −0.117 | −0.076 | −0.066 | −0.034 | 0.040 | −0.002 | −0.011 | 0.153 | 1 |
| First Posttest Correlation Coefficient (r Value) of the Experimental Group | |||||||||
| 1. Attitudes toward aging | 1 | ||||||||
| 2. Psychosocial loss | 0.868 ** | 1 | |||||||
| 3. Physical change | 0.719 ** | 0.319 * | 1 | ||||||
| 4. Psychological growth | 0.596 ** | 0.321 * | 0.442 ** | 1 | |||||
| 5. Sense of hope | 0.054 | 0.075 | 0.019 | −0.021 | 1 | ||||
| 6. Inner sense of temporality and future | 0.111 | 0.142 | 0.036 | 0.001 | 0.978 ** | 1 | |||
| 7. Inner positive readiness and expectancy | −0.152 | −0.178 | −0.017 | −0.129 | 0.842 ** | 0.737 ** | 1 | ||
| 8. Interconnectedness with self and others | 0.160 | 0.207 | 0.024 | 0.057 | 0.938 ** | 0.940 ** | 0.628 ** | 1 | |
| 9. Hand–eye coordination | 0.066 | 0.045 | 0.197 | −0.237 | −0.106 | −0.084 | −0.047 | −0.163 | 1 |
| Follow-Up Test Correlation Coefficient (r Value) of the Experimental Group | |||||||||
| 1. Attitudes toward aging | 1 | ||||||||
| 2. Psychosocial loss | 0.793 ** | 1 | |||||||
| 3. Physical change | 0.164 | −0.368 * | 1 | ||||||
| 4. Psychological growth | 0.475 ** | −0.031 | 0.307 * | 1 | |||||
| 5. Sense of hope | 0.229 | 0.207 | −0.052 | 0.139 | 1 | ||||
| 6. Inner sense of temporality and future | 0.229 | 0.195 | −0.039 | 0.156 | 0.946 ** | 1 | |||
| 7. Inner positive readiness and expectancy | 0.244 | 0.228 | −0.055 | 0.128 | 0.925 ** | 0.783 ** | 1 | ||
| 8. Interconnectedness with self and others | 0.167 | 0.156 | −0.053 | 0.103 | 0.955 ** | 0.880 ** | 0.832 ** | 1 | |
| 9. Hand–eye coordination | −0.106 | −0.142 | 0.124 | −0.052 | 0.004 | 0.066 | 0.002 | −0.070 | 1 |
* p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01. Correlation coefficient <0.3 denotes low correlation, 0.3–0.7 denotes moderate correlation, and >0.7 denotes high correlation.