Table 4.
Risk of having a COVID-19 confirmed diagnosis. Multilevel analyses in men for all the period analyzed and by wave.
| Predictors | Global | Wave 1 | Wave 2 | Wave 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Interval) |
Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Interval) |
Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Interval) |
Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Interval) |
|
| Intercept | 0.15 *** (0.14–0.17) | 0.03 *** (0.02–0.04) | 0.12 *** (0.10–0.15) | 0.31 *** (0.28–0.33) |
| Age (Ref: <15) | ||||
| 15–44 | 1.73 *** (1.66–1.81) | 3.41 *** (2.40–4.85) | 1.95 *** (1.85–2.06) | 1.37 *** (1.27–1.48) |
| 45–64 | 2.05 *** (1.96–2.14) | 5.73 *** (4.05–8.10) | 2.31 *** (2.18–2.45) | 1.77 *** (1.63–1.92) |
| 65–79 | 1.92 *** (1.79–2.06) | 6.28 *** (4.30–9.17) | 2.20 *** (1.99–2.43) | 1.67 *** (1.47–1.89) |
| ≥80 | 2.52 *** (2.34–2.72) | 10.89 *** (7.44–15.94) | 2.51 *** (2.25–2.80) | 2.51 *** (2.19–2.88) |
| Socioeconomic level (Ref: employed ≥ €18,000 per year) | ||||
| Employed < €18,000 per year | 1.12 *** (1.08–1.16) | 0.87 (0.75–1.02) | 1.18 *** (1.13–1.24) | 1.05 (0.99–1.12) |
| Unemployed | 1.03 (0.95–1.11) | 0.89 (0.64–1.24) | 1.10* (1.00–1.21) | 0.93 (0.81–1.07) |
| Pensioner ≥ €18,000 per year | 0.87 *** (0.81–0.93) | 1.08 (0.89–1.32) | 0.81 *** (0.73–0.89) | 0.92 (0.82–1.03) |
| Pensioner < €18,000 per year | 0.87 *** (0.82–0.93) | 1.02 (0.85–1.23) | 0.81 *** (0.74–0.88) | 0.99 (0.89–1.10) |
| Mutualist | 0.86* (0.75–0.98) | 1.36 (0.95–1.94) | 0.80* (0.66–0.96) | 0.86 (0.68–1.08) |
| Free medicines | 1.08 (1.00–1.17) | 0.97 (0.71–1.33) | 1.16** (1.05–1.28) | 1.15 (0.98–1.35) |
| Other | 1.10** (1.03–1.18) | 1.01 (0.75–1.36) | 1.16** (1.06–1.26) | 1.11 (0.98–1.26) |
| Chronic morbidities | 0.86 *** (0.83–0.88) | 0.74 *** (0.64–0.84) | 0.85 *** (0.82–0.89) | 0.92** (0.87–0.98) |
| Random Effects | ||||
| τ00 | 0.0069 BHA deprivation | 0.0036 BHA deprivation | 0.0255 BHA deprivation | 0.0009 BHA deprivation |
| 0.0004 rural/urban BHA | 0.0071 rural/urban BHA | 0.0092 rural/urban BHA | 0.0000 rural/urban BHA | |
| ICC | 0.0022 | 0.0032 | 0.0104 | NA |
| Number of observations | 143,222 | 22,481 | 87,156 | 33,585 |
| Marginal R2/Conditional R2 | 0.018/0.021 | 0.099/0.102 | 0.027/0.038 | 0.015/NA |
| MOR Deprivation quartile | 1.0800 | 1.0590 | 1.1600 | 1.0300 |
| MOR Zone of residence | 1.0200 | 1.0836 | 1.1000 | 1.0000 |
| LR test (Prob ) | 0.000 | 0.015 | 0.000 | 0.312 |
Ref: reference category; * p<0.05; ** p<0.01; ***p<0.001; τ00: between-group variance; ρ (rho): intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC); MOR: median odds ratios; LR test: likelihood ratio test; BHA: basic healthcare area; NA: not available.