Table 3.
Self-Reported Hepatitis C Risk Factors Among Newly Reported Hepatitis C Cases 15–29 Years of Age in Eight Local Health Jurisdictions in California (Imperial, Lake, Monterey, Orange, Placer, Riverside, San Luis Obispo, and Santa Cruz counties), Stratified by Self-Reported Race/Ethnicity, June–December, 2018
| Non-Hispanic White | POC | Total | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | (%) | n | (%) | N | (%) | ||
| Responses to open-ended “How do you think you got HCV?”a | n = 54 | n = 59 | N = 113b | ||||
| Injection drug use | 31 | (57.4) | 9 | (15.3) | 40 | (35.4) | < 0.001 |
| Sexual transmission | 7 | (13.0) | 12 | (20.3) | 19 | (16.8) | 0.297 |
| Transfusion/dialysis | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | – |
| Nonprofessional tattoo/piercing | 5 | (9.3) | 4 | (6.8) | 9 | (8.0) | 0.887 |
| Needlestick/other occupational exposure | 1 | (1.9) | 6 | (10.2) | 7 | (6.2) | 0.144 |
| Maternal transmission | 2 | (3.7) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (1.8) | 0.452 |
| Other household contact | 3 | (5.6) | 3 | (5.1) | 6 | (5.3) | > 0.999 |
| Other | 1 | (2.4) | 1 | (1.4) | 2 | (1.8) | > 0.999 |
| Don’t know | 15 | (27.8) | 29 | (49.2) | 44 | (32.7) | 0.020 |
| Risk History | |||||||
| Prior to diagnosis, thought they were at risk for HCV | 24 | (44.4) | 13 | (22.0) | 37 | (32.7) | 0.011 |
| Non-professional tattoo or piercing | 16 | (29.6) | 16 | (27.1) | 32 | (28.3) | 0.767 |
| Ever exchanged sex for drugs, money, or housing | 3 | (5.6) | 1 | (1.7) | 4 | (3.5) | 0.553 |
| Ever been incarcerated > 24 h | 22 | (40.7) | 9 | (15.3) | 31 | (27.4) | 0.002 |
| Received tattoo or piercing while incarcerated | 5 / 22 | (22.7) | 4 / 9 | (44.4) | 9 / 31 | (29.0) | 0.434 |
| Injected drugs while incarcerated | 9 / 22 | (40.9) | 3 / 9 | (33.3) | 12 / 31 | (38.7) | > 0.999 |
| Shared injection equipment while incarcerated | 9 / 9 | (100.0) | 3 / 3 | (100.0) | 12 / 12 | (100.0) | – |
| Ever injected drugs | 31 | (57.4) | 10 | (16.9) | 41 | (36.0) | < 0.001 |
| Ever used any drug to get high | 41 | (75.9) | 20 | (33.3) | 61 | (54.0) | < 0.001 |
| Among Those Who Ever Used Any Drug to Get High | n = 41 | n = 20 | n = 61 | ||||
| Used drugs in the past year | 33 | (80.5) | 11 | (55.0) | 44 | (72.1) | 0.037 |
| Snorted drugs in the past year | 23 | (56.1) | 7 | (35.0) | 30 | (49.2) | 0.122 |
| Shared snorting device in past year | 17 / 23 | (73.9) | 7 / 7 | (100.0) | 24/30 | (80.0) | 0.340 |
| Smoked drugs (besides tobacco/marijuana) in past year | 22 | (53.7) | 9 | (45.0) | 31 | (50.8) | 0.525 |
| Shared smoking device in past year | 19 / 22 | (86.4) | 8 / 9 | (88.9) | 27/31 | (87.1) | > 0.999 |
| Among Those Who Ever injected drugs | n = 31 | n = 10 | n = 41 | ||||
| Injected drugs in the past year | 26 | (83.9) | 8 | (80.0) | 34 | (82.9) | > 0.99 |
| Shared injection equipment in the past year | 21 | (67.7) | 7 | (70.0) | 28 | (68.3) | > 0.99 |
| Knowledge of accessible needle exchange | 12 | (38.7) | 3 | (30.0) | 15 | (36.6) | 0.920 |
| Ever used a needle exchange to get injection supplies | 13 | (41.9) | 2 | (20.0) | 15 | (36.6) | 0.386 |
| In county of residence? | 11 / 13 | (84.6) | 2 / 2 | (100.0) | 13 / 15 | (86.7) | > 0.999 |
| Ever had access to naloxone while injecting | 21 | (67.7) | 5 | (50.0) | 26 | (63.4) | 0.313 |
| Ever needed naloxone but did not have access | 13 | (41.9) | 5 | (50.0) | 18 | (43.9) | 0.655 |
| Ever witnessed an overdose | 27 | (87.1) | 7 | (70.0) | 34 | (82.9) | 0.431 |
| Been prescribed methadone or buprenorphine for >21d | 16 | (51.6) | 4 | (40.0) | 20 | (48.8) | 0.786 |
a Respondents could select more than one answer to this question
b One respondent did not provide their race or ethnicity; they were excluded from the denominator of this race/ethnicity table (but are included in the PWID vs. non-PWID table)