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. 2021 Jul 8;12:626238. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.626238

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Copyright © 2021 Deore, S, Naqvi, Kumar and Flora.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Rat brain caspase-3 and cytokine levels. (A) CASP3; (B) TNFa; (C) IL-6; (D) IL-4; and (E) IL-1b. All the values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 4). The statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05 and statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test. ^* p < 0.05, ^** p < 0.01, ^*** p < 0.001 vs. control; ^@ p < 0.05, ^@@ p < 0.01,^@@@ p < 0.001 vs. lead; ^# p < 0.05, ^## p < 0.01,^### p < 0.001 vs. ZnO NPs; ^%%% p < 0.001 vs. lead+ ZnO NPs. CASP: caspase; TNF: tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL: interleukin; SEM: standard error of mean; and ANOVA: analysis of variance.